Microsoft

Security Advisory

Microsoft Patch Tuesday August Patches 119 Vulnerabilities; Publicly Disclosed Kerberos Zero‑Day

Microsoft Patch Tuesday : Key points:

119 vulnerabilities discovered & 13 are classified as Critical rating meaning as per Microsoft’ they could be abused by malware or malcontents to gain remote access to a Windows system with little or no help from users.

CVE-2025-53779 is Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

The vulnerabilities fall into multiple categories, including Remote Code Execution (RCE), Elevation of Privilege (EoP), Information Disclosure, Spoofing, Denial of Service (DoS), and Tampering. Below is a detailed breakdown of the vulnerabilities by category, along with key insights for organizations to prioritize their patching efforts.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-08-12 
No. of Patches  119 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Microsoft has released security updates addressing 119 vulnerabilities in the August 2025 Patch Tuesday cycle, including one publicly disclosed zero-day in Windows Kerberos. Of these, 13 are classified as Critical, covering a wide range of products such as Windows components, Office, Azure, Exchange and SharePoint. 

  • 111 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 8 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of August 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 44 Elevation of Privilege Vulnerabilities 
  • 35 Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities 
  • 18 Information Disclosure Vulnerabilities 
  • 9 Spoofing Vulnerabilities 
  • 4 Denial of Service Vulnerabilities 
  • 1 Tampering vulnerabilities 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2025-53779 Windows Server 2025 High 7.2 

Technical Summary 

The August 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-53779 in Windows Kerberos.

This elevation of privilege flaw, related to improper path handling in domain-managed service accounts (dMSA), could allow a local attacker to gain domain administrator privileges.

Microsoft also patched several critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities across Windows Graphics, GDI+, Office, DirectX, and Hyper-V. Many of these vulnerabilities require minimal or no user interaction, such as simply opening a file in the preview pane or processing crafted image or network messages, making them high-risk for enterprise environments. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53779 Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Relative path traversal in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Privilege escalation 

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the publicly disclosed vulnerability, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE‑2025‑50165 and CVE‑2025‑53766: Graphics-related RCEs, particularly vulnerable due to their ability to execute code without user interaction and potential wormable behavior. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53792: Azure Portal, privilege escalation vulnerability, critical impact on cloud administration surface. 
  • CVE‑2025‑50171: Remote Desktop Server, allows remote code execution over RDP. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53778: Windows NTLM, elevation of privilege exploitation includes lateral movement across enterprise networks. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53786: Microsoft Exchange Server, hybrid environment vulnerability with potential for cloud environment hijacking. 

Key Affected Products and Services 

The vulnerabilities addressed in August 2025 impact a wide range of Microsoft products and services, including: 

  • Windows Core and Authentication Systems 

Includes fixes in Windows Server (Kerberos), Windows Graphics Component, GDI+, DirectX Graphics Kernel, NTLM, Hyper‑V, MSMQ, Remote Desktop and more. 

  • Microsoft Office Suite and Productivity Tools 

Microsoft Office and Word, notably through Preview Pane RCE flaws, as well as SharePoint (RCE and EoP), Exchange Server (Privilege Escalation in hybrid setups) and Teams. 

  • Cloud and Azure Ecosystem 

Critical issues in Azure Virtual Machines (spoofing and info disclosure), Azure Stack Hub and potentially Azure Portal. 

  • Virtualization and Hypervisor Technologies 

Updates include vulnerabilities in Hyper‑V (RCE and privilege escalation) and DirectX graphics kernel components relevant to virtualization. 

  • Development Tools 

Fixes include vulnerabilities affecting Visual Studio and GitHub Copilot, reinforcing development environments. 

  • Messaging and Queuing Services 

Includes a critical RCE in Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ). 

  • Browsers: 
    Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based). 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the August 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

Conclusion: 

Microsoft’s August 2025 Patch Tuesday, disclosed zero-day CVE-2025-53779 is another privilege escalation flaw in Windows Kerberos that stems from a case of relative path traversal. Akamai researcher Yuval Gordon has been credited with discovering and reporting the bug.

Aside from the vulnerabilities patched and disclosed in the regular monthly patch release for August, it is worth noting that one week ahead of the monthly update, Microsoft disclosed 4 vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft cloud services.

References: 

Blogs Security Advisory

Kaspersky reveals SharePoint ToolShell vulnerabilities stem from incomplete 2020 fix.

Kaspersky’s Global Research and Analysis Team (GReAT) discovered that the recently exploited ToolShell vulnerabilities in Microsoft SharePoint originate from an incomplete fix for CVE-2020-1147, first reported in 2020.

IntruceptLabs have published the security advisory https://intruceptlabs.com/2025/07/toolshell-zero-day-exploits-in-microsoft-sharepoint-enable-full-remote-takeover/ on 21st July 2025.

The SharePoint vulnerabilities have emerged as a major cybersecurity threat this year amid active exploitation. Kaspersky Security Network showed exploitation attempts worldwide, including in Egypt, Jordan, Russia, Vietnam and Zambia.

The attacks target organizations across government, finance, manufacturing, forestry and agriculture sectors. 

Two newly discovered zero-day vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771) in Microsoft SharePoint Server are being actively exploited in the wild.

There is currently no patch available to plug this security hole, but Microsoft says that customers running on-premises SharePoint Servers can stop attackers from exploiting the vulnerability by configuring Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) integration in SharePoint and deploying Defender AV on all SharePoint servers.

Share point Vulnerabilities a major cyber threat

The SharePoint vulnerabilities have emerged as a major cybersecurity threat this year amid
active exploitation. Kaspersky Security Network showed exploitation attempts worldwide,
including in Egypt, Jordan, Russia, Vietnam and Zambia.

The attacks target organizations across government, finance, manufacturing, forestry and agriculture sectors. Kaspersky solutions proactively detected and blocked ToolShell attacks before the vulnerabilities were publicly disclosed.

Kaspersky GReAT researchers analyzed the published ToolShell exploit and found it alarmingly similar to the 2020 CVE-2020-1147 exploit.

This suggests that the CVE-2025- 53770 patch is, in fact, an effective fix for the vulnerability that CVE-2020-1147 attempted to address five years ago.
The connection to CVE-2020-1147 became evident following the discovery of CVE-2025- 49704 and CVE-2025-49706, patched on July 8. However, these fixes could be bypassed by adding a single forward slash to the exploit payload.

Once Microsoft learned of active exploitation of these vulnerabilities, they responded with comprehensive patches that addressed potential bypass methods, designating the vulnerabilities as CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771.

The surge in attacks against SharePoint servers worldwide occurred during the window between initial exploitation and full patch deployment. Despite patches now being available for the ToolShell vulnerabilities, Kaspersky expects attackers will continue exploiting this chain for years to come.

“Many high-profile vulnerabilities remain actively exploited years after discovery —
ProxyLogon, PrintNightmare and EternalBlue still compromise unpatched systems today.

We expect ToolShell to follow the same pattern: its ease of exploitation means the public exploit
will soon appear in popular penetration testing tools, ensuring prolonged use by attackers,”
said Boris Larin, principal security researcher at Kaspersky GReAT.

Do connect with us for any queries https://intruceptlabs.com/contact/

(Source: Read full report on Read the full report on Securelist.com)

Security Advisory

ToolShell Zero-Day Exploits in Microsoft SharePoint Enable Full Remote Takeover 

Summary : Security Advisory


Two newly discovered zero-day vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771) in Microsoft SharePoint Server are being actively exploited in the wild.

There is currently no patch available to plug this security hole, but Microsoft says that customers running on-premises SharePoint Servers can stop attackers from exploiting the vulnerability by configuring Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) integration in SharePoint and deploying Defender AV on all SharePoint servers.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These flaws allow unauthenticated remote code execution on on-premises servers, bypassing authentication and gaining full control over affected systems. Microsoft has released urgent security updates for supported SharePoint versions to address this issue. 

                   Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
SharePoint Server Remote Code CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Critical 9.8 
Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Medium 6.3 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 stem from insecure handling of cryptographic key material and deserialization logic in on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers. These flaws enable a chained remote code execution attack dubbed ToolShell, where an unauthenticated attacker can gain full control of vulnerable servers. 

ToolShell is a sophisticated evolution of vulnerabilities CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, which were disclosed and patched in early July 2025 following demonstrations at Pwn2Own Berlin. Within days, attackers had bypassed these initial patches, forcing Microsoft to issue updated patches with new CVEs (53770, 53771). These latest variants are actively exploited in the wild. 

The exploit begins with a crafted request to the SharePoint endpoint /ToolPane.aspx, which exposes the internal configuration mechanism. By exploiting deserialization weaknesses, attackers extract cryptographic secrets, specifically the ValidationKey and DecryptionKey  which are used to sign the VIEWSTATE payloads. 

With these secrets, an attacker can generate malicious, signed payloads that are trusted by SharePoint’s security model, allowing arbitrary code execution without any authentication. This effectively turns SharePoint’s trust mechanism into a delivery vector for persistent compromise. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Exploits deserialization in /ToolPane.aspx to steal crypto keys and craft signed __VIEWSTATE payloads Remote Code Execution, full system compromise 
CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Variant of CVE-2025-49706; bypasses earlier fixes using enhanced payload injection techniques Persistent access without credentials 

Remediation: To mitigate potential attacks customers should follow:

Organizations running on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers must take the following steps immediately: 

  1. Apply Security Updates: 
  • SharePoint Subscription Edition: KB5002768 
  1. Enable AMSI Protection: 
  • Enable Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) in Full Mode for SharePoint. 
  • AMSI was turned on by default in Sept 2023 updates for 2016/2019. 
  1. Rotate Cryptographic Keys: 
  • Use Update-SPMachineKey (PowerShell) or Central Admin. 
  • Restart IIS using iisreset.exe after key rotation. 
  1. Deploy Endpoint Protection: 
  • Use Microsoft Defender for Endpoint or equivalent XDR tools. 

CISA Alert and Advisory Inclusion: 

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-53770 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. Federal agencies and private-sector partners are required to apply mitigations immediately due to confirmed active exploitation. CISA emphasized that such vulnerabilities pose an unacceptable risk to federal systems and critical infrastructure. 

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): 

Type Value (Obfuscated/Generalized) Description 
IP Address 107.191.58[.]76, 104.238.159[.]149 Observed in initial and second attack waves 
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:120.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/120.0 User-Agent string seen in exploitation requests 
URL Path POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx Exploit entry point targeting ToolPane 

Conclusion: 
The ToolShell exploit chain represents a critical security threat to organizations using on-premises SharePoint Servers.

The vulnerabilities are not theoretical, attackers are actively exploiting them to gain full control of systems, exfiltrate cryptographic secrets and establish long-term persistence. With official patches now available, immediate action is required to prevent compromise, contain exposure and ensure ongoing system integrity. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft Plug 140 Vulnerabilities in July Patch Tuesday; SQL Server Zero-Day Disclosed 

Summary : July Patch Tuesday

The July 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-49719 in Microsoft SQL Server.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-07-08 
No. of Patches  140 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Microsoft has released security updates addressing 140 vulnerabilities as part of July 2025 Patch Tuesday, including one publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability affecting Microsoft SQL Server. Fourteen(14) of the vulnerabilities are classified as Critical, with ten(10) enabling Remote Code Execution (RCE).

Microsoft products impacted span across Windows, SQL Server, Microsoft Office, SharePoint, Hyper-V, Visual Studio and Azure services 

  • 130 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 10 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of July 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 41 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 18 Information Disclosure 
  • 53 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 5 Denial of Service (DoS)  
  • 8 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 4 Spoofing 
  • 1 Data Tampering 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
SQL Server Information Disclosure CVE-2025-49719 Microsoft SQL Server High 7.5 

Technical Summary 

The information disclosure flaw arises from improper input validation, enabling a remote unauthenticated attacker to access data from uninitialized memory.

Microsoft also resolved a significant number of critical RCE vulnerabilities, particularly in Microsoft Office, SharePoint and Windows core components like Hyper-V and KDC Proxy. Several vulnerabilities can be triggered through minimal user interaction, such as viewing a document in the preview pane or interacting with network services. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-49719 Microsoft SQL Server Publicly disclosed information disclosure via improper input validation; attackers may access uninitialized memory Unauthorized data disclosure 

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the publicly disclosed vulnerability, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE-2025-49701 and CVE-2025-49704: Microsoft SharePoint, RCE over the Internet via authenticated access (CVSS 8.8) 
  • CVE-2025-49735: Windows KDC Proxy Service, Use-after-free vulnerability allowing unauthenticated RCE (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-47981: SPNEGO Extended Negotiation, Heap buffer overflow enabling RCE through crafted messages (CVSS 9.8) 
  • CVE-2025-48822: Hyper-V Discrete Device Assignment (DDA), RCE via PCI passthrough flaw in virtual environments (CVSS 8.6) 
  • CVE-2025-49717: Microsoft SQL Server, Heap-based buffer overflow enabling authenticated RCE (CVSS 8.5) 
  • CVE-2025-49695 to CVE-2025-49703: Microsoft Office/Word, Multiple RCEs via heap overflow, out-of-bounds read, type confusion (CVSS 8.4 & 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-36357: AMD L1 Data Queue, Side-channel transient execution attack. 
  • CVE-2025-36350: AMD Store Queue, Speculative execution side-channel leak. 

Key Affected Products and Services 

The vulnerabilities addressed in July 2025 impact a wide range of Microsoft products and services, including: 

  • Windows Components: 
    Windows Kernel, BitLocker, SSDP Service, Hyper-V, KDC Proxy and Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). 
  • Microsoft Office Suite: 
    Excel, Word, PowerPoint, and SharePoint with several vulnerabilities enabling Remote Code Execution (RCE) or Elevation of Privilege (EoP). 
  • Cloud and Enterprise Services: 
    Azure Monitor Agent, Microsoft Intune and Microsoft SQL Server. 
  • Development Tools: 
    Visual Studio and the Python extension for Visual Studio Code. 
  • Browsers: 
    Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based). 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the July 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

Conclusion: 

The July 2025 Patch Tuesday reflects a large-scale update effort from Microsoft, addressing both known and undisclosed security risks. The zero-day (CVE-2025-49719) highlights ongoing concerns with SQL Server, while critical vulnerabilities in Office, SharePoint and core Windows services demand urgent patching.

Organizations should prioritize deployment of these patches and remain vigilant for any post-patch exploitation attempts, especially in externally facing applications. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft June 2025 Patch Tuesday – 67 Vulnerabilities Fixed Including 2 Zero-Days 

Summary : Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a total of 67 vulnerabilities across its product ecosystem. Critical flaws in WebDAV, SMB, SharePoint and Remote Desktop Services highlight the urgency of installing this month’s updates.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-06-10 
No. of Vulnerabilities Patched 67 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These include multiple high-risk flaws and two zero-day vulnerabilities one actively exploited and one publicly disclosed affecting core components like Windows WebDAV and the SMB Client. 

  • 67 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 3 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of May 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 25 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 17 Information Disclosure 
  • 14 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 6 Denial of Service (DoS)  
  • 3 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 2 Spoofing 
  • 2 Chromium (Edge) Vulnerabilities 
  • 1 Windows Secure Boot 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
WebDAV Remote Code Execution (Exploited in the wild)  CVE-2025-33053 Windows High 8.8 
SMB Client Elevation of Privilege (Publicly disclosed) CVE-2025-33073 Windows  High 8.8 

Technical Summary 

Two zero-day vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s ecosystem were addressed in June 2025. One of these, CVE-2025-33053, has been exploited in the wild and affects the deprecated but still present WebDAV component in Windows. The other, CVE-2025-33073, was publicly disclosed and affects the Windows SMB client, enabling attackers to elevate privileges. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-33053 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server WebDAV RCE triggered when a user clicks a malicious link. Exploited by APT group “Stealth Falcon.” Exploitation complexity is low. Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-33073 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server EoP flaw in SMB Client. Exploitation may occur by connecting to a malicious SMB server. Privilege elevation to SYSTEM is possible. Elevation of Privilege  

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the zero-day vulnerabilities, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE-2025-47162, CVE-2025-47164, CVE-2025-47167: Microsoft Office, Preview Pane-based RCE vulnerabilities, exploitation more likely (CVSS 8.4) 
  • CVE-2025-47172: Microsoft SharePoint Server, SQL injection-based RCE (CVSS 8.8) 
  • CVE-2025-29828: Windows Cryptographic Services, memory release issue (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-32710: Windows Remote Desktop Services, use-after-free vulnerability (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-29976: Microsoft SharePoint, Local privilege escalation (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-30393: Microsoft Excel, RCE via malicious Excel file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-24063: Windows Kernel, Local privilege escalation, marked “Exploitation More Likely” (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-32702: Visual Studio, Command injection RCE via malicious project file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-26685: Microsoft Defender for Identity, Spoofing via NTLM fallback, exploitable in adjacent networks (CVSS 6.5) 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the June 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

General Recommendations: 

  • Prioritize Zero-Days: Focus on patching the two confirmed zero-day vulnerabilities, especially those allowing Elevation of Privilege and remote code execution. 
  • Disable Deprecated Services: If not required, disable WebDAV (WebClient service) and SMBv1 to reduce exposure. 
  • Enforce SMB Signing: Use Group Policy to mandate SMB signing, reducing the risk from CVE-2025-33073. 
  • Monitor for Exploitation Attempts: Watch for suspicious SMB or WebDAV traffic in logs and endpoint detection systems. 
  •  Enable Auto Updates Where Feasible: For individual endpoints and less tightly controlled systems, enable automatic updates to maintain regular patch schedule. 

Conclusion: 

Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses two important zero-day vulnerabilities, including an actively exploited RCE in WebDAV tracked as CVE-2025-33053.

Organizations should prioritize these patches to mitigate risk from real-world threats. The CVE-2025-33053 vulnerability has also been added to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, emphasizing its urgency. 

References: 

Blogs Cybersecurity News Security Advisory

Cyber Security News at a Glance; May 2025

For the month of May 2025 here are the Top News including Security Advisory & Blogs

Tesla Model 3 VCSEC Vulnerability Allows Remote Code Execution via TPMS Exploit

A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-2082) in Tesla Model 3’s Vehicle Controller Security (VCSEC) module allows attackers within wireless range to remotely execute arbitrary code by exploiting a flaw in the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Tesla Model 3 VCSEC Vulnerability Allows Remote Code Execution via TPMS Exploit 

The FBI issued an alert warning of ongoing exploitation of 13 EOL Linksys/Cisco routers by cybercriminal groups operating the 5Socks and Anyproxy services.

FBI Warns  End-of-Life Routers Exploited in Active Botnet and Proxy Campaigns 

Microsoft May 2025 Patch Tuesday Released; Fixed 83 Vulnerabilities, Including 5 Zero-Days

Microsoft addressed 83 vulnerabilities across its product suite. Among them are 5 zero-day vulnerabilities have been confirmed as actively exploited in the wild. The updates span Windows components, Office, Visual Studio, and other core services.

11 vulnerabilities were rated critical, emphasizing the importance of timely remediation especially for enterprise environments.

5 non-Microsoft CVEs included

78 Microsoft CVEs addressed

Microsoft May 2025 Patch Tuesday Released; Fixed 83 Vulnerabilities, Including 5 Zero-Days

Critical SAP NetWeaver Vulnerabilities Addressed in May 2025 Patch – Immediate Action Required 

SAP has released critical security updates for its May 2025 patch, including fixes for two actively exploited zero-day vulnerabilities in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer.

SAP Visual Composer is not installed by default, however it is enabled because it was a core component used by business process specialists to develop business application components without coding.

Critical SAP NetWeaver Vulnerabilities Addressed in May 2025 Patch – Immediate Action Required 

CISA is officially changing the way it disseminates online security updates and guidance.

CISA says the enhanced information dissemination system will from now on use social media and email only to disperse cybersecurity alerts and advisories, saving its landing page for more critical warnings on May 12.

Updates on May 13

Just a day after announcing it was changing the way it sent out alerts, CISA has changed its mind and reverted back to its old system of putting everything on its website.

“We recognize this has caused some confusion in the cyber community,” the site now reads. “As such, we have paused immediate changes while we re-assess the best approach to sharing with our stakeholders.”

Social Media & emails as Medium to disperse Cybersecurity alerts; CISA

Zero-Day Threat in Chrome’s Loader Component (CVE-2025-4664) – CISA Flags Urgent Risk 

A zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-4664) in Google Chrome’s Loader component has been actively exploited in the wild.This flaw allows attackers to bypass security policies, leak cross-origin data, and potentially execute unauthorized code. CISA has added this vulnerability to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, urging immediate patching. 

Zero-Day Threat in Chrome’s Loader Component (CVE-2025-4664) – CISA Flags Urgent Risk 
Security Advisory

Microsoft May 2025 Patch Tuesday Released; Fixed 83 Vulnerabilities, Including 5 Zero-Days

May 2025 Patch Tuesday by Microsoft

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Security Advisory

Windows Zero-Day Exploit NTLM Hash Disclosure via Malicious Files

Summary

OEMMicrosoft
SeverityHigh
CVEsNot Yet Assigned
Exploited in WildNo
Patch/Remediation AvailableNo
Advisory Version1.0
Vulnerability Zero-Day

Overview

A newly discovered NTLM vulnerability in Windows, allows attackers to obtain login credentials when a user view a malicious file in Windows Explorer. This issue affects all Windows versions, from Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 to the most recent Windows 11 v24H2 and Server 2025.

Attackers can exploit this flaw by using shared network folders, USB drives, or previously downloaded malicious files, making credential theft easy and difficult to detect.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityFix
             NTLM Hash Disclosure Vulnerability      Not Yet Assigned    Windows OS and Windows Server         High  Unofficial micropatch available via 0patch

Technical Summary

This vulnerability enables attackers to steal NTLM authentication credentials simply by having users view a malicious file in Windows Explorer. Unlike previous NTLM relay attack techniques that required users to execute files, this exploit works just by rendering the malicious file’s metadata in the Windows Explorer preview pane. Attackers can leverage this method in various ways:

  • Hosting a shared network folder containing the malicious file.
  • Distributing infected USB drives that trigger the attack when inserted.
  • Tricking users into downloading the malicious file from a compromised or attacker-controlled website.

Once the credentials are captured, attackers can use NTLM relay attacks to gain unauthorized access to internal systems, escalate privileges, and move laterally across the network.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability Technical DetailsImpact
  Not Assigned Yet  Windows 7 – Windows 11 v24H2, Server 2008 R2 – Server 2025Attackers can capture NTLM credentials when users view malicious files in Windows Explorer. Exploitation methods include shared folders, USB drives, or downloads.Credential theft, network compromise, and potential lateral movement.  

Recommendations

  • Microsoft Patch Awaited: The vulnerability has been reported to Microsoft, and an official security update is expected in the near future.
  • Unofficial Micropatch Available: Security researchers at 0patch have released an unofficial micropatch that mitigates this issue. The micropatch is available for all affected Windows versions and will remain free until an official fix is provided by Microsoft.

Steps to Apply 0patch Micropatch:

  1. Create a free account on 0patch Central.
  2. Install and register the 0patch Agent on affected systems.
  3. The micropatch is applied automatically without requiring a system reboot.

Security Best Practices

  • Disable NTLM authentication where possible.
  • Implement SMB signing to prevent relay attacks.
  • Restrict access to public-facing servers like Exchange to limit credential relaying risks.
  • Educate users to avoid interacting with unknown or suspicious files in shared folders and USB drives.

Conclusion

Although not classified as critical, this NTLM credential theft vulnerability is extremely harmful due to its ease of exploitation. Attackers can exploit NTLM hashes in relay attacks to compromise internal network resources.

Security researchers confirm that comparable flaws have been actively exploited in real-world assaults. Until an official Microsoft patch is available, organizations should prioritize applying the 0patch micropatch and following NTLM security best practices to reduce potential risks.

References:

Blogs

Cyberespionage Group Blind Eagle Infects 1,600 Orgs in Colombia

URL manipulation attack; An agile attack methodology

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