Patching

Security Advisory

Elastic Patched Critical Jinjava Template Injection in Elastic Cloud Enterprise(ECE) 

Summary : Security Advisory: Elastic disclosed vulnerability in Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) that allows attackers with admin access to steal sensitive data or execute any commands through Jinjava template injection. This flaw impacts ECE versions from 2.5.0 up to and including 3.8.1, as well as versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.1.

OEM Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.1 
CVEs CVE-2025-37729 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview  

The vulnerability with CVE-2025-37729, affects multiple ECE versions starting from 2.5.0 up to and including 3.8.1, and versions starting from 4.0.0 up to and including 4.0.1. Users & Administrators are strongly advised to upgrade to the latest version of ECE immediately to stay protected. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Vulnerability  CVE-2025-37729 Elastic Cloud Enterprise  Critical v3.8.2 &  
v4.0.2 

Technical Summary 

Improper neutralization of special elements can be used to issuing commands via a specially crafted string where Jinjava variables are evaluated.

Malicious actors are exploiting due to an improper neutralization of special characters vulnerability in the Jinjava template engine used by ECE.

Attackers with admin-level access to the ECE admin console and deployments with the Logging+Metrics feature enabled can inject malicious Jinjava expressions through specially crafted payloads. This vulnerability can allow them to exfiltrate sensitive data or execute arbitrary command on the system.  

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025- 37729 Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) v2.5.0-3.8.1, v4.0.0-v4.0.1 Improper sanitization of user-supplied input in Jinjava templates allows admin users to inject malicious expressions, enabling code execution and data exfiltration Sensitive Data Leakage, Arbitrary Command Execution, Potential Full System Compromise 

Recommendations: 

Upgrade the Elastic Cloud Enterprise versions to v3.8.2 and v4.0.2 or the latest one. 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Keep admin access restricted to trusted accounts only for the ECE admin console. 
  • You can monitor the request logs for malicious payloads using the query “payload.name : int3rpr3t3r or payload.name : forPath”. Implement strict access controls and regularly audit admin privileges. 

Conclusion: 
This is critical vulnerability in Elastic Cloud Enterprise that could allow attackers to data exfiltration and arbitrary command execution.

Although exploitation needs administrative access, but its high impact makes it a major security risk & needs immediate action. Upgrading to the fixed version and applying recommended actions are strongly advised by the organizations to stay secure. 

References: 

 

Security Advisory

Chrome Security Update Fixed Active Zero-Day Exploit & Multiple High-Severity Vulnerabilities 

Security advisory : Google has issued a Stable Channel Update for Chrome to address 4 high-severity vulnerabilities, including one zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-10585) actively exploited in the wild.

OEM Google 
Severity High 
CVSS Score N/A 
CVEs CVE-2025-10585, CVE-2025-10500, CVE-2025-10501, CVE-2025-10502 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

This flaw, a Type Confusion in the V8 JavaScript and WebAssembly engine, can allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code outside of Chrome’s security sandbox when users visit maliciously crafted web pages. Users and administrators are urged to update to the latest Chrome version immediately to mitigate potential exploitation 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​ Type Confusion in V8 Engine  CVE-2025-10585 Chrome (Windows, Mac, Linux)  High  140.0.7339.185/.186 

Technical Summary 

The zero-day vulnerability in Chrome’s V8 engine arises from a type of confusion flaw, where object types are misinterpreted, leading to logical errors and memory corruption.

Attackers can exploit this issue when users visit maliciously crafted websites, enabling arbitrary code execution and possible sandbox escape.

This flaw has been confirmed as actively exploited in the wild. In addition to this zero-day, the update also fixes three other high-severity issues, a use-after-free in the Dawn graphics abstraction layer that could lead to memory corruption, a use-after-free in WebRTC that may enable remote code execution, and a heap buffer overflow in ANGLE that could result in program crashes or arbitrary code execution. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-10585 Google Chrome (Windows, Mac, Linux) Type confusion in the V8 JavaScript engine could allow memory corruption, arbitrary code execution, and potential sandbox escape Remote Code Execution / Sandbox Escape 

Other Vulnerabilities  

In addition to the zero-day, Google patched three other high-severity vulnerabilities in the same stable channel release. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Affected Component Severity 
​Use-after-free in Dawn CVE-2025-10500 Chrome GPU Renderer Component (Dawn)  High 
Use-after-free in WebRTC CVE-2025-10501 Chrome WebRTC Audio/Video Communication Module High 
Heap Buffer Overflow in ANGLE CVE-2025-10502 Chrome Graphics Translation Engine (ANGLE) High 

Recommendations: 

Update Chrome immediately to the following versions: 

  • Windows/Mac: Chrome 140.0.7339.185/.186 
  • Linux: Chrome 140.0.7339.185 

Here are some Recommendations below 

  • Manual Update Check: Navigate to “Settings → Help → About Google Chrome” to trigger the update. 
  • Patch Management: Ensure enterprise update policies enforce Chrome auto-updates. 
  • Threat Monitoring: Keep monitoring logs for any signs of exploitation 

Conclusion: 
There are high vulnerabilities in Google Chrome, including an actively exploited zero-day flaw in the V8 JavaScript engine that poses a significant risk of remote code execution and sandbox escape.

Given the severity and confirmed exploitation in the wild, it is imperative that all users and administrators promptly update to the latest Chrome versions to mitigate potential attacks. Immediate action is essential to safeguard systems, data, and user privacy in light of these emerging threats. 

References: 

  • https://cybersecuritynews.com/google-chrome-0-day-vulnerability-exploited/  

Security Advisory

Jenkins Security Patch Fixed HTTP/2 DoS and Permission Issues  

Security advisory: Jenkins addressed critical security flaws in its built-in HTTP server related to the handling of HTTP/2 connections, where attackers could overwhelm servers causing denial of service. This mainly impacts Jenkins instances running with HTTP/2 enabled, which is not the default setting.

Severity High 
CVSS Score 7.7 
CVEs CVE-2025-5115, CVE-2025-59474, CVE-2025-59475, CVE-2025-59476 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Jenkins, a popular open-source automation server used for building and deploying software, recently patched several high & medium security flaws.

The high severity issue is a Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability that could allow attackers to overwhelm the server and make it stop working properly even without needing to log in.

Other issues included the risk of unauthorized users viewing sensitive configuration information and the possibility of attackers inserting fake log entries to confuse system administrators. Jenkins released updates to fix these issues and strongly recommends users upgrade to the latest versions to stay protected. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
HTTP/2 Denial of Service in bundled Jetty  CVE-2025-5115 Jenkins (bundled Jetty)  High Weekly 2.524+, LTS 2.516.3+ 
Missing permission check – agent names CVE-2025-59474 Jenkins core Medium Weekly 2.528+, LTS 2.516.3+ 
Missing permission check – user profile menu CVE-2025-59475 Jenkins core Medium Weekly 2.528+, LTS 2.516.3+ 
Log Message Injection Vulnerability CVE-2025-59476 Jenkins core Medium Weekly 2.528+, LTS 2.516.3+ 

Technical Summary 

Additionally, permission checks in some user interface areas were incomplete, allowing unauthorized users to access sensitive information such as agent names and configuration details.

There was also a vulnerability in log message processing that could let attackers insert misleading entries to confuse administrators. All the issues are fixed in Jenkins latest version. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-5115 Jenkins instances with embedded Jetty server with HTTP/2 enabled It causes the Jetty server to repeatedly reset HTTP/2 streams (RST_STREAM) in response to malicious or malformed frames, leading to resource exhaustion and potential denial of service.  Denial of service 
CVE-2025-59474 Jenkins automation server Permission check flaw allowing unauthorized users to view Jenkins agent/executor names via the side panel executor’s widget Information Disclosure 
CVE-2025-59475 Jenkins automation server Permission check flaw allowing authenticated users without Overall/Read permission to view sensitive configuration details via the Jenkins user profile dropdown menu. Information Disclosure 
CVE-2025-59476 Jenkins automation server An attacker can inject line breaks into Jenkins log messages, leading to forged or misleading log entries. Misleading administrators 

Remediation: 

  • Users should immediately install the latest, patched version of Jenkins on all servers: 
  • Weekly Release: Update to Jenkins v2.528 or later. 
  • Long-Term Support (LTS): Update to Jenkins v2.516.3 or later 

Here are some recommendations below. 

  • If immediate upgrade is not possible, users should disable HTTP/2 to mitigate the Denial-of-Service vulnerability. 
  • Always keep Jenkins core and plugins up to date with the latest security patches. 
  • Regularly audit and monitor access logs and system activity 
     

Conclusion: 
These security flaws could seriously impact Jenkins users, especially those relying on it for continuous integration and deployment. The DoS vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can be triggered by anyone over the internet, even if they don’t have an account.

Enterprise admins & users should upgrade immediately to the patched versions or disable HTTP/2 to reduce the risk. Keeping Jenkins up to date and following good security practices along with restricting user permissions and monitoring logs is essential to prevent attacks and maintain the stability and safety of software delivery pipelines. 

References: 

Security Advisory

PostgreSQL High-Severity RCE Flaws in pg_dump Utilities Allow Remote Code Execution 

Summary : Security advisory: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has issued a security update addressing 3 security vulnerabilities and over 55 bugs, including two high-severity remote code execution (RCE) flaws in core utilities. The update applies to PostgreSQL 17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, and 13.22, as well as the third beta release of PostgreSQL 18.

Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-8715, CVE-2025-8714, CVE-2025-8713 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These issues affect all PostgreSQL versions 13 through 17. All the administrators & users are urged to update immediately to prevent potential exploitation. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​ Object Name Newline Injection  CVE-2025-8715 PostgreSQL version 13-17  High  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  
pg_dump Restore-Time Arbitrary Code Execution CVE-2025-8714 PostgreSQL version 13-17 High  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  
View Access Policy Bypass via Statistics Leak CVE-2025-8713 PostgreSQL version 13-17 Low  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  

Technical Summary 

The PostgreSQL security update addresses three critical vulnerabilities that primarily impact its core utilities, specifically pg_dump, pg_dumpall and pg_restore. The most severe flaws, CVE-2025-8714 and CVE-2025-8715, enable remote code execution during database restoration.

These arise from improper handling of untrusted data and newline characters in dump outputs, allowing a malicious superuser from the origin server to inject arbitrary code via crafted meta-commands or object names.

When such a dump file is restored, the injected code executes on the client system as the operating system user running psql, leading to potential full system compromise. In some cases, the attack can even lead to SQL injection on the target server. The third issue, CVE-2025-8713, is lower in severity but still notable, allowing unauthorized users to infer sensitive data from optimizer statistics due to insufficient enforcement of row-level security policies. This can lead to leakage of histogram data and most common value lists from views or partitioned tables. These vulnerabilities collectively threaten data confidentiality, system integrity and operational security, especially in environments where backups are frequently restored or shared. 

CVE ID CVSS Score System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-8715 8.8 PostgreSQL version 13-17 Due to improper neutralization of newline characters in object names. A user with access to the origin server can craft object names containing newlines that inject psql meta-commands into the dump output. Upon restoration, these commands are interpreted and executed, leading to arbitrary code execution or even SQL injection on the restore target server. This issue was previously addressed in CVE-2012-0868 but was inadvertently reintroduced in version 11.20. Arbitrary code execution 
CVE-2025-8714 8.8 PostgreSQL version 13-17 A malicious superuser on the origin server can inject arbitrary code into a plain-format database dump via meta-commands or object definitions. When this dump is restored, the malicious code is executed by the psql client under the privileges of the system account running the restore operation. This flaw occurs due to insufficient validation of input data included in dump files. Arbitrary code execution 
CVE-2025-8713 3.1 PostgreSQL version 13-17 This allows unauthorized users to infer sensitive data by exploiting PostgreSQL’s optimizer statistics. A user can craft a leaky operator or query that bypasses access control mechanisms within views or partitioned tables. This permits access to internal statistics, such as histograms or most-common-values lists, which can expose data that row security policies are meant to hide. Unauthorized access 

Recommendations: 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Upgrade to PostgreSQL versions 17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22, or the latest. 
  • Ensure pg_dump/restore operations are performed only with trusted data sources. 
  • Limit superuser privileges on database systems. 
  • Sanitize and audit database objects used in dumps or restores. 
  • Check for unusual meta-commands or object names in restore logs. 

Conclusion: 
Two of the vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-8714 and CVE-2025-8715) allow for arbitrary code execution. It’s the threats to system integrity and confidentiality. While not publicly exploited at the time of release, the potential severity of these flaws makes immediate patching critical.

PostgreSQL administrators should update all affected systems and review internal restore processes to avoid compromise. 

References: 

Security Advisory

ToolShell Zero-Day Exploits in Microsoft SharePoint Enable Full Remote Takeover 

Summary : Security Advisory


Two newly discovered zero-day vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771) in Microsoft SharePoint Server are being actively exploited in the wild.

There is currently no patch available to plug this security hole, but Microsoft says that customers running on-premises SharePoint Servers can stop attackers from exploiting the vulnerability by configuring Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) integration in SharePoint and deploying Defender AV on all SharePoint servers.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These flaws allow unauthenticated remote code execution on on-premises servers, bypassing authentication and gaining full control over affected systems. Microsoft has released urgent security updates for supported SharePoint versions to address this issue. 

                   Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
SharePoint Server Remote Code CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Critical 9.8 
Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Medium 6.3 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 stem from insecure handling of cryptographic key material and deserialization logic in on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers. These flaws enable a chained remote code execution attack dubbed ToolShell, where an unauthenticated attacker can gain full control of vulnerable servers. 

ToolShell is a sophisticated evolution of vulnerabilities CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, which were disclosed and patched in early July 2025 following demonstrations at Pwn2Own Berlin. Within days, attackers had bypassed these initial patches, forcing Microsoft to issue updated patches with new CVEs (53770, 53771). These latest variants are actively exploited in the wild. 

The exploit begins with a crafted request to the SharePoint endpoint /ToolPane.aspx, which exposes the internal configuration mechanism. By exploiting deserialization weaknesses, attackers extract cryptographic secrets, specifically the ValidationKey and DecryptionKey  which are used to sign the VIEWSTATE payloads. 

With these secrets, an attacker can generate malicious, signed payloads that are trusted by SharePoint’s security model, allowing arbitrary code execution without any authentication. This effectively turns SharePoint’s trust mechanism into a delivery vector for persistent compromise. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Exploits deserialization in /ToolPane.aspx to steal crypto keys and craft signed __VIEWSTATE payloads Remote Code Execution, full system compromise 
CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Variant of CVE-2025-49706; bypasses earlier fixes using enhanced payload injection techniques Persistent access without credentials 

Remediation: To mitigate potential attacks customers should follow:

Organizations running on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers must take the following steps immediately: 

  1. Apply Security Updates: 
  • SharePoint Subscription Edition: KB5002768 
  1. Enable AMSI Protection: 
  • Enable Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) in Full Mode for SharePoint. 
  • AMSI was turned on by default in Sept 2023 updates for 2016/2019. 
  1. Rotate Cryptographic Keys: 
  • Use Update-SPMachineKey (PowerShell) or Central Admin. 
  • Restart IIS using iisreset.exe after key rotation. 
  1. Deploy Endpoint Protection: 
  • Use Microsoft Defender for Endpoint or equivalent XDR tools. 

CISA Alert and Advisory Inclusion: 

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-53770 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. Federal agencies and private-sector partners are required to apply mitigations immediately due to confirmed active exploitation. CISA emphasized that such vulnerabilities pose an unacceptable risk to federal systems and critical infrastructure. 

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): 

Type Value (Obfuscated/Generalized) Description 
IP Address 107.191.58[.]76, 104.238.159[.]149 Observed in initial and second attack waves 
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:120.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/120.0 User-Agent string seen in exploitation requests 
URL Path POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx Exploit entry point targeting ToolPane 

Conclusion: 
The ToolShell exploit chain represents a critical security threat to organizations using on-premises SharePoint Servers.

The vulnerabilities are not theoretical, attackers are actively exploiting them to gain full control of systems, exfiltrate cryptographic secrets and establish long-term persistence. With official patches now available, immediate action is required to prevent compromise, contain exposure and ensure ongoing system integrity. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Citrix NetScaler ADC/Gateway Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild (CVE-2025-6543) 

Summary : Security Advisory;

Citrix is warning that a vulnerability in NetScaler appliances tracked as CVE-2025-6543 is being actively exploited in the wild, causing devices to enter a denial of service condition.

The flaw impacts NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway versions 14.1 before 14.1-47.46, 13.1 before 13.1-59.19, and NetScaler ADC 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP before 13.1-37.236-FIPS and NDcPP.

OEM Citrix 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.2 
CVEs CVE-2025-6543 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

A critical memory overflow vulnerability, CVE-2025-6543, has been discovered in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway products, potentially leading to denial-of-service and unintended control flow. The issue affects deployments configured as Gateway services. Active exploitation in the wild has been reported. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Memory overflow vulnerability  CVE-2025-6543 NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway  Critical  14.1-47.46 / 13.1-59.19 / 13.1-37.236 

Technical Summary 

CVE-2025-6543 is a memory overflow vulnerability in NetScaler ADC and Gateway products that can result in denial-of-service (DoS) or arbitrary control flow, particularly when the system is configured as a Gateway or AAA virtual server.

The flaw stems from improper restriction of operations within memory buffer bounds (CWE-119). This vulnerability has been exploited in real-world attacks. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-6543 NetScaler ADC & Gateway 14.1 before 14.1-47.46, 13.1 before 13.1-59.19 NetScaler ADC 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP before 13.1-37.236-FIPS and NDcPP Memory overflow due to improper memory boundary restrictions when configured as Gateway or AAA virtual servers  Denial-of-Service and Unintended control flow 

Remediation: 

  • Immediate Action: Affected customers are strongly advised to upgrade to the fixed versions: 
Product Version Recommended Fixed Build 
NetScaler ADC / Gateway 14.1 14.1-47.46 or later 
NetScaler ADC / Gateway 13.1 13.1-59.19 or later 
NetScaler ADC 13.1-FIPS / NDcPP 13.1-37.236 or later 

Note: Versions 12.1 and 13.0 are End-of-Life (EOL) and remain vulnerable. These should be replaced with supported, patched builds. 

Customers using FIPS or NDcPP variants should contact Citrix Support directly for access to the fixed builds. 

Conclusion: 
CVE-2025-6543 represents a highly critical risk to organizations utilizing NetScaler Gateway or ADC for secure access and application delivery.

Organizations still using outdated or end-of-life (EOL) versions are especially vulnerable and should prioritize upgrading to supported builds. 

This flaw follows a pattern of severe vulnerabilities affecting NetScaler products, including the recently disclosed CVE-2025-5777 (CVSS score: 9.3), which also posed a significant threat to enterprise infrastructure.

Together these issues highlight the urgent need for timely patching, continuous monitoring, and defense-in-depth strategies to safeguard critical network assets. 

With both flaws being critical bugs, administrators are advised to apply the latest patches from Citrix as soon as possible.

Companies should also monitor their NetScaler instances for unusual user sessions, abnormal behavior, and to review access controls.

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft June 2025 Patch Tuesday – 67 Vulnerabilities Fixed Including 2 Zero-Days 

Summary : Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a total of 67 vulnerabilities across its product ecosystem. Critical flaws in WebDAV, SMB, SharePoint and Remote Desktop Services highlight the urgency of installing this month’s updates.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-06-10 
No. of Vulnerabilities Patched 67 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These include multiple high-risk flaws and two zero-day vulnerabilities one actively exploited and one publicly disclosed affecting core components like Windows WebDAV and the SMB Client. 

  • 67 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 3 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of May 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 25 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 17 Information Disclosure 
  • 14 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 6 Denial of Service (DoS)  
  • 3 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 2 Spoofing 
  • 2 Chromium (Edge) Vulnerabilities 
  • 1 Windows Secure Boot 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
WebDAV Remote Code Execution (Exploited in the wild)  CVE-2025-33053 Windows High 8.8 
SMB Client Elevation of Privilege (Publicly disclosed) CVE-2025-33073 Windows  High 8.8 

Technical Summary 

Two zero-day vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s ecosystem were addressed in June 2025. One of these, CVE-2025-33053, has been exploited in the wild and affects the deprecated but still present WebDAV component in Windows. The other, CVE-2025-33073, was publicly disclosed and affects the Windows SMB client, enabling attackers to elevate privileges. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-33053 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server WebDAV RCE triggered when a user clicks a malicious link. Exploited by APT group “Stealth Falcon.” Exploitation complexity is low. Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-33073 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server EoP flaw in SMB Client. Exploitation may occur by connecting to a malicious SMB server. Privilege elevation to SYSTEM is possible. Elevation of Privilege  

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the zero-day vulnerabilities, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE-2025-47162, CVE-2025-47164, CVE-2025-47167: Microsoft Office, Preview Pane-based RCE vulnerabilities, exploitation more likely (CVSS 8.4) 
  • CVE-2025-47172: Microsoft SharePoint Server, SQL injection-based RCE (CVSS 8.8) 
  • CVE-2025-29828: Windows Cryptographic Services, memory release issue (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-32710: Windows Remote Desktop Services, use-after-free vulnerability (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-29976: Microsoft SharePoint, Local privilege escalation (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-30393: Microsoft Excel, RCE via malicious Excel file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-24063: Windows Kernel, Local privilege escalation, marked “Exploitation More Likely” (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-32702: Visual Studio, Command injection RCE via malicious project file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-26685: Microsoft Defender for Identity, Spoofing via NTLM fallback, exploitable in adjacent networks (CVSS 6.5) 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the June 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

General Recommendations: 

  • Prioritize Zero-Days: Focus on patching the two confirmed zero-day vulnerabilities, especially those allowing Elevation of Privilege and remote code execution. 
  • Disable Deprecated Services: If not required, disable WebDAV (WebClient service) and SMBv1 to reduce exposure. 
  • Enforce SMB Signing: Use Group Policy to mandate SMB signing, reducing the risk from CVE-2025-33073. 
  • Monitor for Exploitation Attempts: Watch for suspicious SMB or WebDAV traffic in logs and endpoint detection systems. 
  •  Enable Auto Updates Where Feasible: For individual endpoints and less tightly controlled systems, enable automatic updates to maintain regular patch schedule. 

Conclusion: 

Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses two important zero-day vulnerabilities, including an actively exploited RCE in WebDAV tracked as CVE-2025-33053.

Organizations should prioritize these patches to mitigate risk from real-world threats. The CVE-2025-33053 vulnerability has also been added to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, emphasizing its urgency. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Critical SAP NetWeaver Zero-day Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild 

As per researchers hackers are actively exploiting a critical unrestricted-file-upload vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer. Regarding this urgent patch has been released by SAP to fix CVE-2025-31324, a zero-day vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer.

Critical SAP NetWeaver Zero-day Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild 

The vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer that may have allowed unauthenticated and unauthorized code execution in certain Java Servlets.

Several cybersecurity companies have reported active exploitation in the wild.

Summary 

OEM SAP 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 10.0 
CVEs CVE-2025-31324 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

This vulnerability enables remote uploading and execution of malicious files by unauthenticated attackers, potentially compromising the entire system.

It is highly advised to implement patching or mitigation measures right away in order to guard against possible espionage, sabotage, data theft, and operational disruption. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
​Missing Authorization in Metadata Uploader  CVE-2025-31324 SAP  Critical  10.0 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability stems from a missing authorization check in the Metadata Uploader component of SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer.

Attackers can exploit this by sending crafted unauthenticated POST requests to the development server/meta data uploader endpoint, allowing them to upload arbitrary JSP webshell files.

Once uploaded, attackers can interact with these shells via simple GET requests to execute arbitrary commands, resulting in remote code execution (RCE) with <sid>adm operating system privileges — effectively giving full control over SAP systems. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-31324  SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer (VCFRAMEWORK 7.50) Missing authorization check at /developmentserver/metadatauploader enables unauthenticated malicious file uploads. Webshells planted can be used to execute OS-level commands, deploy additional malware, and move laterally across the network. Full system compromise including: 
– Remote Command Execution 
– Privilege Escalation 
– Data Exfiltration 
– Ransomware Deployment 
– Potential Espionage/Sabotage/Fraud 

Key Exploitation Details: 

  • Exploited Path: /developmentserver/metadatauploader 
  • Common Webshell Files: helper.jsp, cache.jsp, and others with randomized names. 
  • Post-Exploitation Tools: 
  • Brute Ratel: Used for C2 operations, credential theft, privilege escalation. 
  • Heaven’s Gate: 32-to-64 bit transition technique for evading endpoint detection. 

Risk Factors: 

  • Systems where Visual Composer is enabled (even though it is not enabled by default). 
  • Systems exposed to the internet. 
  • Systems without custom security measures protecting the Metadata Uploader endpoint. 

Remediation: 

  • Apply SAP Patch: Updated the patches released by SAP without waiting for routine patch cycles. 
  • Restrict Access: Block external access to the /development server/metadata uploader endpoint via firewall or reverse proxy rules. 
  • Disable Visual Composer: If Visual Composer is not critical to business operations, disable it to remove the attack surface. 

Recommendations: 

  • Conduct Threat Hunting: 

Scan for suspicious JSP files (e.g., helper.jsp, cache.jsp) in these directories: 

  • /j2ee/cluster/apps/sap.com/irj/servlet_jsp/irj/root 
  • /j2ee/cluster/apps/sap.com/irj/servlet_jsp/irj/work 
  • /j2ee/cluster/apps/sap.com/irj/servlet_jsp/irj/work/sync 
  • Monitoring and SIEM: Forward logs from the NetWeaver server to SIEM tools and monitor for unauthorized file upload activity. 
  • Utilize Open-Source Tools: Use scanners (such as those released by Onapsis) to check system vulnerability. 

Conclusion: 
Given the criticality and active exploitation of CVE-2025-31324, organizations running SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer should prioritize patching and mitigation efforts. The potential for full system compromise, ransomware attacks, and data exfiltration represents a severe business risk. Immediate action is strongly advised to secure SAP environments and prevent exploitation. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Critical Flaw in FortiSwitch of Fortinet Allows Attackers to Change Admin Password

An unverified password change vulnerability [CWE-620] in FortiSwitch GUI discovered.

This may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to modify admin passwords via a specially crafted request as per Fortinet advisory released.

Summary

OEMFortinet 
SeverityCRITICAL
CVSS Score9.8
CVEsCVE-2024-48887
Actively ExploitedYes
Exploited in WildYes
Advisory Version1.0

Overview

Fortinet’s FortiSwitch product line has revealed a significant vulnerability noted as CVE-2024-48887. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to change administrative passwords by sending specially crafted requests to the device’s password management endpoint. With a CVSS score of 9.8, the vulnerability is classified as Critical and is actively being exploited in the wild.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityCVSS Score
A unverified password change vulnerability  CVE-2024-48887Fortinet   CRITICAL  9.8

Technical Summary

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2024-48887) has been identified in Fortinet FortiSwitch devices, affecting versions 6.4.0 through 7.6.0. This flaw resides in the web-based management interface and allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to change administrator passwords by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the set_password endpoint.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability DetailsImpact
    CVE-2024-48887  FortiSwitch v7.6, 7.4, 7.2, 7.0, 6.4CVE-2024-48887 is an unauthenticated password change vulnerability in FortiSwitch web GUI.
It enables remote unauthenticated attackers to modify admin passwords through crafted requests to the set_password endpoint.		    Unverified Password Change

Remediation:

  • Apply Security Patches: Install the latest security update for your FortiSwitch version. Fortinet has fixed the issue in 6.4.15 and above,7.0.11 and above,7.2.9 and above,7.4.5 and above,7.6.1 and above versions.

General Recommendations

  • Update Devices Regularly always install the latest firmware and security patches from Fortinet to fix known vulnerabilities.
  • Limit access to the FortiSwitch web GUI to trusted IP addresses and disable HTTP/HTTPS access if it is not required.
  • Set strong and unique passwords and change them regularly to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Monitor unusual Activity for suspicious logins or configuration changes.

Conclusion:


The CVE-2024-48887 vulnerability poses a serious security risk to organizations using affected FortiSwitch devices. Its ease of exploitation and the lack of authentication required make it particularly dangerous.

Organizations must act immediately by applying the relevant security patches, limiting administrative access, and monitoring for unusual activity.

References:

Security Advisory

Apache NiFi Security Flaw Exposes MongoDB Credentials 

Security Advisory

A security vulnerability, CVE-2025-27017, has been identified in Apache NiFi.

These events retain usernames/passwords used for MongoDB authentication, violating credential isolation principles.

OEM Apache 
Severity Medium 
CVSS 6.9 
CVEs CVE-2025-27017 
Exploited in Wild No 
Patch/Remediation Available Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

A widely used data flow automation tool which allows unauthorized access to MongoDB credentials stored in provenance events. The Versions are affected from v1.13.0 to v2.2.0. In v2.3.0 the issue has been addressed. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
 Apache NiFi Credential Exposure  CVE-2025-27017  Apache NiFi  Medium 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability stems from Apache NiFi’s inclusion of MongoDB usernames and passwords in provenance event records.

Any authorized user with read access to these records can extract credentials information, leading to potential unauthorized access to MongoDB databases.  

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-27017   Apache NiFi 1.13.0 – 2.2.0   MongoDB credentials are stored in provenance events, allowing unauthorized extraction by users with read access.  Unauthorized access to MongoDB databases, potential data breaches.  

Remediation: 

  • Upgrade to Apache NiFi 2.3.0: The latest version removes credentials from provenance events, mitigating the vulnerability. 

General Recommendations: 

  • Restrict access to provenance data: Ensure only authorized personnel can view provenance records. 
  • Rotate MongoDB credentials: If affected versions were in use, change database credentials to prevent unauthorized access. 
  • Conduct security audits: Regularly review system logs and access controls to identify any unauthorized access attempts. 

Conclusion: 

This vulnerability poses a risk to organizations using Apache NiFi for data processing workflows involving MongoDB. Immediate action is recommended to upgrade to version 2.3.0 or later, restrict access to provenance data, and rotate credentials to mitigate any potential exposure. Organizations should implement stringent security measures to protect against similar vulnerabilities in the future.

This security flaw is particularly concerning because provenance events play a crucial role in auditing and monitoring data flows within NiFi. If left unpatched, this vulnerability could result in data breaches, unauthorized modifications, or even complete database compromise.

References: 

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