RCE

Security Advisory

ToolShell Zero-Day Exploits in Microsoft SharePoint Enable Full Remote Takeover 

Summary : Security Advisory


Two newly discovered zero-day vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771) in Microsoft SharePoint Server are being actively exploited in the wild.

There is currently no patch available to plug this security hole, but Microsoft says that customers running on-premises SharePoint Servers can stop attackers from exploiting the vulnerability by configuring Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) integration in SharePoint and deploying Defender AV on all SharePoint servers.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-53770, CVE-2025-53771 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These flaws allow unauthenticated remote code execution on on-premises servers, bypassing authentication and gaining full control over affected systems. Microsoft has released urgent security updates for supported SharePoint versions to address this issue. 

                   Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
SharePoint Server Remote Code CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Critical 9.8 
Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint Server (on-prem) Medium 6.3 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerabilities CVE-2025-53770 and CVE-2025-53771 stem from insecure handling of cryptographic key material and deserialization logic in on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers. These flaws enable a chained remote code execution attack dubbed ToolShell, where an unauthenticated attacker can gain full control of vulnerable servers. 

ToolShell is a sophisticated evolution of vulnerabilities CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706, which were disclosed and patched in early July 2025 following demonstrations at Pwn2Own Berlin. Within days, attackers had bypassed these initial patches, forcing Microsoft to issue updated patches with new CVEs (53770, 53771). These latest variants are actively exploited in the wild. 

The exploit begins with a crafted request to the SharePoint endpoint /ToolPane.aspx, which exposes the internal configuration mechanism. By exploiting deserialization weaknesses, attackers extract cryptographic secrets, specifically the ValidationKey and DecryptionKey  which are used to sign the VIEWSTATE payloads. 

With these secrets, an attacker can generate malicious, signed payloads that are trusted by SharePoint’s security model, allowing arbitrary code execution without any authentication. This effectively turns SharePoint’s trust mechanism into a delivery vector for persistent compromise. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53770 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Exploits deserialization in /ToolPane.aspx to steal crypto keys and craft signed __VIEWSTATE payloads Remote Code Execution, full system compromise 
CVE-2025-53771 SharePoint 2016, 2019 Variant of CVE-2025-49706; bypasses earlier fixes using enhanced payload injection techniques Persistent access without credentials 

Remediation: To mitigate potential attacks customers should follow:

Organizations running on-premises Microsoft SharePoint Servers must take the following steps immediately: 

  1. Apply Security Updates: 
  • SharePoint Subscription Edition: KB5002768 
  1. Enable AMSI Protection: 
  • Enable Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) in Full Mode for SharePoint. 
  • AMSI was turned on by default in Sept 2023 updates for 2016/2019. 
  1. Rotate Cryptographic Keys: 
  • Use Update-SPMachineKey (PowerShell) or Central Admin. 
  • Restart IIS using iisreset.exe after key rotation. 
  1. Deploy Endpoint Protection: 
  • Use Microsoft Defender for Endpoint or equivalent XDR tools. 

CISA Alert and Advisory Inclusion: 

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-53770 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. Federal agencies and private-sector partners are required to apply mitigations immediately due to confirmed active exploitation. CISA emphasized that such vulnerabilities pose an unacceptable risk to federal systems and critical infrastructure. 

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): 

Type Value (Obfuscated/Generalized) Description 
IP Address 107.191.58[.]76, 104.238.159[.]149 Observed in initial and second attack waves 
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:120.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/120.0 User-Agent string seen in exploitation requests 
URL Path POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx Exploit entry point targeting ToolPane 

Conclusion: 
The ToolShell exploit chain represents a critical security threat to organizations using on-premises SharePoint Servers.

The vulnerabilities are not theoretical, attackers are actively exploiting them to gain full control of systems, exfiltrate cryptographic secrets and establish long-term persistence. With official patches now available, immediate action is required to prevent compromise, contain exposure and ensure ongoing system integrity. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Critical Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in VMware Exploited at Pwn2Own 2025 – Patch Immediately  

Summary : VMware fixed four vulnerabilities in VMware ESXi, Workstation, Fusion and VMware Tools that were exploited as zero-days during the Pwn2Own Berlin 2025 hacking contest in May 2025.

OEM Broadcom 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.3 
CVEs CVE-2025-41236, CVE-2025-41237, CVE-2025-41238, CVE-2025-41239 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 
These vulnerabilities, now tracked as CVE-2025-41236, CVE-2025-41237, CVE-2025-41238 and CVE-2025-41239, could allow attackers with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine to execute arbitrary code on the host system or leak sensitive memory content.

VMware has released critical patches for affected products, including ESXi 7/8, Workstation Pro 17.x, Fusion 13.x and VMware Tools. 

                   Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
VMXNET3 Integer Overflow CVE-2025-41236 ESXi, Workstation, Fusion Critical (CVSS 9.3) ESXi80U3f-24784735, ESXi70U3w-24784741, ESXi80U2e24789317, 
Workstation 17.6.4, Fusion 13.6.4 
VMCI Integer Underflow CVE-2025-41237 ESXi, Workstation, Fusion Critical (CVSS 9.3) Same as above 
PVSCSI Heap Overflow CVE-2025-41238 ESXi, Workstation, Fusion Critical (CVSS 9.3) Same as above 
vSockets Info Disclosure CVE-2025-41239 ESXi, Workstation, Fusion,  VMware Tools High (CVSS 7.1) VMware Tools 13.0.1.0, same ESXi/Workstation/Fusion versions 

Technical Summary 

These vulnerabilities impact key virtualization components, potentially enabling virtual machine breakout or data leakage from the host system.

The exploitation requires local admin privileges on the guest VM and varies in impact depending on the platform (ESXi, Workstation, or Fusion). 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-41236 ESXi 7/8, Workstation 17.x, Fusion 13.x Integer overflow in VMXNET3 adapter allows arbitrary code execution on the host via specially crafted network packets from a guest VM. Host code execution from guest VM 
CVE-2025-41237 Same as above Integer underflow in VMCI component can lead to out-of-bounds write and code execution in the VMX process on the host. VM breakout; Host compromise (Workstation/Fusion) 
CVE-2025-41238 Same as above Heap overflow in the PVSCSI controller allows out-of-bounds write more severe on Workstation/Fusion than ESXi due to sandbox restrictions. Host compromise (desktop platforms); limited on ESXi 
CVE-2025-41239 ESXi 7/8, Workstation 17.x, Fusion 13.x,  VMware Tools Use of uninitialized memory in vSockets allows information disclosure to attackers with local VM admin rights. Memory leak from host to guest 

Remediation: 

Users and administrators are strongly advised to immediately apply the following patches to mitigate the vulnerabilities: 

  • VMware ESXi users must update to ESXi80U3f-24784735, ESXi80U2e-24789317 for 8.x and ESXi70U3w-24784741 for 7.x versions. 
  • VMware Workstation Pro users should update to version 17.6.4 or later. 
  • VMware Fusion users to version 13.6.4 or later. 
  • For VMware Tools, apply the 13.0.1.0 or later, especially for Windows guests where the vSockets vulnerability (CVE-2025-41239) is relevant. 

Conclusion: 


These vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to virtualization security, especially in environments using VMware Workstation and Fusion. A successful exploit could enable attackers to escape the virtual machine and compromise the host system.

Administrators should prioritize patching to avoid exposure and reduce the risk of virtual infrastructure compromise. Regular audits of virtual networking components and least-privilege access controls within guest VMs are also recommended. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Google Addresses Actively Exploited Zero-Day Vulnerability CVE-2025-6558 in Chrome 

Google has issued a critical emergency update for the Chrome browser to address CVE-2025-6558, a zero-day vulnerability that is actively being exploited in the wild. This high-severity flaw exists in Chrome’s ANGLE and GPU components, which are responsible for rendering graphics in the browser.

Summary 

OEM Google 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-6558 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Exploitation of this vulnerability could allow attackers to execute malicious code or gain unauthorized access to user systems. The update is being rolled out for Windows, macOS and Linux platforms. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Improper Input Validation in ANGLE/GPU Stack vulnerability  CVE-2025-6558 Google Chrome  High (Zero-day)  138.0.7204.157/.158 (Windows/macOS), 138.0.7204.157 (Linux) 

Technical Summary 

CVE-2025-6558 is a high-severity vulnerability caused by improper validation of untrusted input in Chrome’s ANGLE (Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine) and GPU components. These components translate graphics instructions and interact closely with the system’s native APIs.

The flaw was discovered by Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) and is being actively exploited in real-world attacks. If left unpatched, it could enable attackers to compromise the browser rendering process and potentially execute arbitrary code on the user’s device. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-6558 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Untrusted input is incorrectly validated, allowing malicious manipulation of graphics rendering Remote code execution through active exploitation 

Additional Vulnerabilities Patched in This Update 

In addition to the zero-day CVE-2025-6558, Google also addressed two other high-severity vulnerabilities as part of this update: 

  • CVE-2025-7656 – An integer overflow vulnerability in Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, which could be exploited to corrupt memory and potentially achieve remote code execution. This flaw was reported by security researcher Shaheen Fazim.  
  • CVE-2025-7657 – A use-after-free vulnerability in the WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) component. Improper memory handling in real-time communication features could allow attackers to crash the browser or execute arbitrary code remotely. This issue was reported by researcher jakebiles. 

Remediation: 

  • Users should immediately update Google Chrome to the latest patched version: 
  • Windows & Mac: 138.0.7204.157/.158 
  • Linux: 138.0.7204.157 

Conclusion: 
CVE-2025-6558 highlights the growing complexity of securing browser components such as ANGLE and GPU. With confirmed active exploitation, users and administrators must prioritize this update to prevent potential remote code execution attacks.

Timely patching remains one of the most effective defenses against modern browser-based threats. 

References: 

Security Advisory

CVE-2025-34067: Critical RCE in HikCentral Puts Global Surveillance at Risk, PoC Available 

Summary:  A critical RCE vulnerability has been found in the Hikvision HikCentral security management system, mainly in the apply CT component.

OEM Hikvision 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 10.0 
CVEs CVE-2025-34067 
POC Available Yes 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

It helps attackers to take full control of servers that manage security cameras and building systems without user interaction and authentication. The issue comes from a weakness in an old part of the software – Fastjson, a Java library.

Hackers can use this flaw to run harmful code remotely over the network. A PoC to exploit this vulnerability has been published already. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
​ Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-34067 HikCentral (applyCT) Critical 

Technical Summary 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-34067 HikCentral  The /bic/ssoService/v1/applyCT endpoint is vulnerable due to the use of an outdated Fastjson library with unsafe auto-type deserialization enabled. Attackers can send malicious JSON payloads containing LDAP references to attacker-controlled Java classes. Remote code execution  

A security flaw exists in the “/bic/ssoService/v1/applyCT” endpoint, which accepts JSON input. This allows attackers to send specially designed data that tricks the system into loading malicious code from an attacker-controlled server.

Since the system processes this data before checking if the user is logged in, even someone without any login credentials can exploit it. If successful, the attacker can run harmful code under the HikCentral service’s permissions. This helped them move through the network, access or control camera feeds, DVRs/NVRs, and other connected systems across the enterprise.Proof of Concept (PoC): 

(Source: PeiQi0 )

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches: Users should contact HIKVISION support for immediate remediation guidance and apply any security updates or hotfixes provided by the vendor. 
  • Update Fastjson Library: Ensure the Fastjson library is updated to a secure patched version. 

Recommendations: 

  • Configuration Check: If patching isn’t possible, block or redirect all traffic to the “/bic/ssoService/” endpoints – especially on systems that are accessible from the internet. 
  • Network Segmentation: Isolate surveillance and physical security networks from business-critical systems. 
  • Monitoring: Check logs for outbound LDAP traffic, suspicious Java class loads, or unexpected command execution from the HikCentral host. 

Conclusion: 
This vulnerability helps attackers to take full control of the system, Publicly available code makes it easy for attackers to exploit this flaw. Because of the critical risk, it has received the maximum severity score (CVSS 10.0).  

If not fixed, attackers could turn off security cameras, change alarm settings, delete important evidence, and even watch staff movements live. To protect against this threat, it’s urgent to install the latest patch, isolate the system from the internet and closely monitor for suspicious activity. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Mercedes, VW, Skoda Cars at Risk from Critical PerfektBlue Bluetooth Vulnerabilities 

Summary 

Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.0 
CVEs CVE-2024-45431, CVE-2024-45432, CVE-2024-45433, CVE-2024-45434, 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 
Researchers discovered critical Bluetooth flaws, called PerfektBlue, in the OpenSynergy BlueSDK stack used in millions of vehicles. These allow attackers nearby to remotely run malicious code through the infotainment system, potentially accessing GPS, audio and even vehicle controls depending on the car’s design.

Cars from brands like Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen and Skoda are affected. While patches were released, it is urged to update the systems and stay cautious during Bluetooth pairing to stay protected. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
Use-After-Free in AVRCP  CVE-2024-45434 Open Synergy BlueSDK (Bluetooth AVRCP service_ 8.0   
RFCOMM Improper Function Termination CVE-2024-45433 OpenSynergy BlueSDK (Bluetooth RFCOMM protocol) 5.7 
RFCOMM Parameter Misuse CVE-2024-45432 OpenSynergy BlueSDK (Bluetooth RFCOMM protocol) 5.7 
L2CAP Remote CID Validation Flaw CVE-2024-45431 OpenSynergy BlueSDK (Bluetooth L2CAP layer)  3.5 

Technical Summary 

A set of vulnerabilities has been identified in the Bluetooth stack of infotainment systems, affecting core protocols like AVRCP, L2CAP, and RFCOMM. These issues stem from improper memory handling, incorrect parameter usage and flawed validation logic. While some may only cause system instability or crashes, they can be combined in a coordinated attack to bypass defenses, disrupt communication or potentially execute code remotely. Overall, they expose critical weaknesses that could be exploited to compromise the system through crafted Bluetooth traffic. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2024-45434 Vehicles using Open Synergy Blue SDK, including Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Skoda and undisclosed OEM. This vulnerability allows attackers to exploit free memory in the AVRCP service. By sending crafted Bluetooth commands, they can trigger a use-after-free condition, potentially leading to crashes or remote code execution inside the infotainment system. It can be part of a larger attack chain to take over the system. May allow attackers to run remote code on the infotainment system. 
CVE-2024-45433 Automotive systems running Blue SDK’s RFCOMM protocol implementation.  Due to faulty logic in RFCOMM, certain functions may not exist properly. This can cause the system to behave unpredictably, giving attackers a chance to manipulate control flow or trigger crashes. It can be used to stabilize or advance remote attacks on the Bluetooth stack.  May cause system crash or help in running further malicious actions. 
CVE-2024-45432 Vehicles using Open Synergy Blue SDK with Bluetooth RFCOMM services.  This issue involves functions in the RFCOMM protocol being called with wrong parameters. Attackers can exploit this to introduce unexpected behavior or weaken Bluetooth processing. On its own, it may cause a crash, but as part of an exploit chain, it helps attackers gain deeper access. Can create logic errors and make the system unstable. 
CVE-2024-45431 Infotainment systems in vehicles using Open Synergy Blue SDK Bluetooth stack. This flaw stems from incorrect validation of channel IDs in the L2CAP layer. Attackers can send malformed Bluetooth packets that bypass checks, possibly disrupting communication or preparing the system for further exploitation. Though low in severity alone, it can support chained attacks. Could help attackers bypass checks 

Remediation: 

To stay protected from the PerfektBlue vulnerabilities, users should update with the available latest patches provided by the manufacturer ensure once their vehicle’s software is fully updated.  

Here are some best practices below you can follow  

  • Disable Bluetooth when not in use and avoiding unnecessary pairing, especially in public areas, can reduce exposure to potential attacks.  
  • Always verify Bluetooth pairing requests and codes carefully before accepting any connection.  

Conclusion: 
The PerfektBlue flaws show that even car Bluetooth systems can be a way for hackers to attack. If not fixed, these issues can let attackers take control of your car’s infotainment features and maybe more. Timely patching and adopting secure Bluetooth practices are essential to minimize exposure. As vehicles grow increasingly connected, securing their wireless interfaces becomes crucial to maintaining overall system safety and privacy. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft Plug 140 Vulnerabilities in July Patch Tuesday; SQL Server Zero-Day Disclosed 

Summary : July Patch Tuesday

The July 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-49719 in Microsoft SQL Server.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-07-08 
No. of Patches  140 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Microsoft has released security updates addressing 140 vulnerabilities as part of July 2025 Patch Tuesday, including one publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability affecting Microsoft SQL Server. Fourteen(14) of the vulnerabilities are classified as Critical, with ten(10) enabling Remote Code Execution (RCE).

Microsoft products impacted span across Windows, SQL Server, Microsoft Office, SharePoint, Hyper-V, Visual Studio and Azure services 

  • 130 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 10 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of July 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 41 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 18 Information Disclosure 
  • 53 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 5 Denial of Service (DoS)  
  • 8 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 4 Spoofing 
  • 1 Data Tampering 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
SQL Server Information Disclosure CVE-2025-49719 Microsoft SQL Server High 7.5 

Technical Summary 

The information disclosure flaw arises from improper input validation, enabling a remote unauthenticated attacker to access data from uninitialized memory.

Microsoft also resolved a significant number of critical RCE vulnerabilities, particularly in Microsoft Office, SharePoint and Windows core components like Hyper-V and KDC Proxy. Several vulnerabilities can be triggered through minimal user interaction, such as viewing a document in the preview pane or interacting with network services. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-49719 Microsoft SQL Server Publicly disclosed information disclosure via improper input validation; attackers may access uninitialized memory Unauthorized data disclosure 

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the publicly disclosed vulnerability, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE-2025-49701 and CVE-2025-49704: Microsoft SharePoint, RCE over the Internet via authenticated access (CVSS 8.8) 
  • CVE-2025-49735: Windows KDC Proxy Service, Use-after-free vulnerability allowing unauthenticated RCE (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-47981: SPNEGO Extended Negotiation, Heap buffer overflow enabling RCE through crafted messages (CVSS 9.8) 
  • CVE-2025-48822: Hyper-V Discrete Device Assignment (DDA), RCE via PCI passthrough flaw in virtual environments (CVSS 8.6) 
  • CVE-2025-49717: Microsoft SQL Server, Heap-based buffer overflow enabling authenticated RCE (CVSS 8.5) 
  • CVE-2025-49695 to CVE-2025-49703: Microsoft Office/Word, Multiple RCEs via heap overflow, out-of-bounds read, type confusion (CVSS 8.4 & 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-36357: AMD L1 Data Queue, Side-channel transient execution attack. 
  • CVE-2025-36350: AMD Store Queue, Speculative execution side-channel leak. 

Key Affected Products and Services 

The vulnerabilities addressed in July 2025 impact a wide range of Microsoft products and services, including: 

  • Windows Components: 
    Windows Kernel, BitLocker, SSDP Service, Hyper-V, KDC Proxy and Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS). 
  • Microsoft Office Suite: 
    Excel, Word, PowerPoint, and SharePoint with several vulnerabilities enabling Remote Code Execution (RCE) or Elevation of Privilege (EoP). 
  • Cloud and Enterprise Services: 
    Azure Monitor Agent, Microsoft Intune and Microsoft SQL Server. 
  • Development Tools: 
    Visual Studio and the Python extension for Visual Studio Code. 
  • Browsers: 
    Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based). 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the July 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

Conclusion: 

The July 2025 Patch Tuesday reflects a large-scale update effort from Microsoft, addressing both known and undisclosed security risks. The zero-day (CVE-2025-49719) highlights ongoing concerns with SQL Server, while critical vulnerabilities in Office, SharePoint and core Windows services demand urgent patching.

Organizations should prioritize deployment of these patches and remain vigilant for any post-patch exploitation attempts, especially in externally facing applications. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Grafana Rolls out Updates on Critical Chromium Vulnerabilities; CVE-2025-6554 a Zero day Vulnerability

Summary : Grafana has issued urgent patches to address multiple high-severity vulnerabilities stemming from underlying flaws in the Chromium V8 JavaScript engine.

OEM Google 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.1 
CVEs CVE-2025-6554, CVE-2025-5959, CVE-2025-6191 CVE-2025-6192 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

The most critical of these, CVE-2025-6554, is a zero-day vulnerability that was actively exploited in the wild. Several of these bugs, if unpatched, could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, perform memory corruption or bypass sandbox protections via malicious HTML content.

Grafana users running affected versions of Image Renderer and Synthetic Monitoring Agent are strongly advised to update immediately. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Type Confusion in V8 Engine vulnerability  CVE-2025-6554 Google Chrome  High  138.0.7204.96/.97 (Windows)  
138.0.7204.92/.93 (Mac)  
138.0.7204.96 (Linux) 
Type Confusion in V8 Engine vulnerability CVE-2025-5959 Google Chrome High 137.0.7151.103/.104 (Windows & Mac) 137.0.7151.103 (Linux) 
Integer overflow in V8 Engine vulnerability CVE-2025-6191 Google- Chrome High 137.0.7151.119/.120 (Windows & Mac) 137.0.7151.119 (Linux) 
Use-after-free in Metrics (Profiler) in Google Chrome CVE-2025-6192 Google- Chrome High 137.0.7151.119/.120 (Windows & Mac) 137.0.7151.119 (Linux) 

Technical Summary 

Grafana has patched four high-severity Chromium V8 vulnerabilities in its Image Renderer and Synthetic Monitoring Agent. The most critical, CVE-2025-6554 is a zero-day type confusion bug that was actively exploited. Other flaws include CVE-2025-5959 (remote code execution), CVE-2025-6191 (integer overflow) and CVE-2025-6192 (use-after-free).

Affected versions are Image Renderer < 3.12.9 and Synthetic Monitoring Agent < 0.38.3. Users should update immediately to stay protected. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-6554 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Type confusion in the V8 JavaScript engine allows improper memory handling, leading to code execution  Remote code execution.  Potential system compromise.  
CVE-2025-5959 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to allowing a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. Remote code execution.  Potential system compromise. 
CVE-2025-6191 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Integer overflows in V8 in Google Chrome prior to allowing a remote attacker to potentially perform out of bounds memory access via a crafted HTML page. Arbitrary code execution. Memory Corruption. 
CVE-2025-6192 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Use after free in Metrics in Google Chrome prior to allowing a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. Arbitrary code execution.  

Remediation: 

  • Users should immediately update Google Chrome to the latest patched version: 
  • Windows: 138.0.7204.96/.97, 137.0.7151.103/.104, 137.0.7151.119/.120 
  • macOS: 138.0.7204.92/.93, 137.0.7151.103/.104, 137.0.7151.119/.120 
  • Linux: 138.0.7204.96, 137.0.7151.103, 137.0.7151.119 

Other Chromium-based browsers (Edge, Brave, Opera etc.) should also be updated as patches become available from their respective vendors. 

Conclusion: 
The criticality of CVE-2025-6554, CVE-2025-5959, CVE-2025-6191, CVE-2025-6192 in the wild highlights the urgency of applying the latest Chrome security update.

Type confusion vulnerabilities like this can lead to full system compromise and are highly sought-after by cybercriminals. Users and organizations should take immediate action to mitigate potential risks. 

References: 

Uncategorized

Google Chrome Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2025-6554) Actively Exploited – Patch Now 

Summary : Security Advisory: Google has issued an urgent security update for Chrome browser users worldwide, addressing a high-severity zero-day vulnerability in the Chrome browser CVE-2025-6554 actively being exploited by cybercriminals.

OEM Google 
Severity High 
CVSS Score N/A 
CVEs CVE-2025-6554 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

This is a type confusion flaw in Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine allows arbitrary code execution and it’s actively being exploited in the wild. 

The vulnerability was discovered by Clément Lecigne of Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) on June 25, 2025, and a temporary mitigation was pushed on June 26, 2025. This internal discovery highlights the ongoing security monitoring efforts within Google’s infrastructure.

The mitigation measure passed through a configuration change pushed to all stable channel users across all platforms.

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Type Confusion in V8 Engine vulnerability  CVE-2025-6554 Google Chrome  High  138.0.7204.96/.97 (Windows)  
138.0.7204.92/.93 (Mac)  
138.0.7204.96 (Linux) 

Technical Summary 

CVE-2025-6554 is a type confusion vulnerability in Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. It allows threat actors to exploit memory misinterpretation and execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the browser or the underlying system. Google has confirmed active exploitation of this flaw. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-6554 Chrome on Windows, macOS, Linux Type confusion in the V8 JavaScript engine allows improper memory handling, leading to code execution  Remote code execution.  Potential system compromise.  

Remediation: 

A full fix is available in the latest stable channel update. Users are strongly advised to update immediately to ensure full protection. 

  • Users should immediately update Google Chrome to the latest patched version: 
  • Windows: 138.0.7204.96/.97 
  • macOS: 138.0.7204.92/.93 
  • Linux: 138.0.7204.96 

Conclusion: 

The exploitation of CVE-2025-6554 in the wild highlights the urgency of applying the latest Chrome security update. Type confusion vulnerabilities like this can lead to full system compromise and are highly sought-after by cybercriminals. Users and organizations should take immediate action to mitigate potential risks. 

Organizations using Chrome in enterprise environments should prioritize this update across their networks.

The combination of confirmed active exploitation and the high-severity rating makes this patch deployment critical for maintaining organizational cybersecurity posture.

Refer to Intruceptlabs products & solution for better cyber security posture with Intru360, Gaarud Node

References: 

Security Advisory

Veeam Backup Patched Critical Vulnerabilities Enabling RCE & Privilege Escalation 

Summary ; Security Advisory

Veeam disclosed three critical vulnerabilities affecting its widely deployed backup software. Veeam Backup & Replication is an enterprise-grade data protection solution used to back up, recover and replicate virtual machines, cloud workloads including physical servers.

OEM Veeam 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.9 
CVEs CVE-2025-23121, CVE-2025-24286, CVE-2025-24287 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Multiple high-impact vulnerabilities have been disclosed in Veeam Backup & Replication and Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows, impacting versions prior to 12.3.2 and 6.3.2 respectively.

The most critical issue (CVE-2025-23121) may allow a remote code execution (RCE) on the backup server by an authenticated domain user, effectively granting complete control over backup infrastructure. 

The vulnerabilities also include risks of unauthorized modification of backup jobs (CVE-2025-24286) and privilege escalation via local directory manipulation (CVE-2025-24287). These flaws could enable attackers to execute arbitrary code or gain elevated permissions. 

These flaws pose significant risks to organizations relying on Veeam for data integrity and disaster recovery. The data protection system of an organization may get affected if compromised and threaten domain-joined backup servers.

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
​ Remote Code Execution via Authenticated Domain User  CVE-2025-23121 Veeam Backup & Replication  Critical (9.9) 
Arbitrary Code Execution via Backup Operator Role Abuse  CVE-2025-24286 Veeam Backup & Replication  High (7.2) 
Privilege Escalation via Directory Manipulation  CVE-2025-24287 Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows  Medium (6.1) 

Technical Summary 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-23121  Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1.1139 and all earlier v12 builds A remote code execution vulnerability affecting domain-joined Veeam backup servers. An authenticated domain user may execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges.   Remote Code Execution 
  CVE-2025-24286 Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.1.1139 and earlier  Authenticated users with the Backup Operator role can modify backup job configurations to inject and execute code.   Arbitrary Code Execution 
  CVE-2025-24287  Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows 6.3.1.1074 and earlier  Local users can manipulate directory contents leading to code execution with elevated privileges.  Local Privilege Escalation  

Remediation: 

Users are strongly advised to apply the following updates to mitigate the risks: 

  • Upgrade Veeam Backup & Replication to 12.3.2 (build 12.3.2.3617) or later 
  • Upgrade Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows to 6.3.2 (build 6.3.2.1205) or later 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Limit backup server access to trusted users only to reduce the risk of unauthorized control. 
  • Apply least privilege principles for backup roles so users have only the permissions they need. 
  • Regularly monitor backup job changes and system logs to detect suspicious activity early. 
  • Provide security awareness training to staff focusing on backup and recovery best practices. 

Conclusion:  For Security Best practices

Veeam has released patches to address all three vulnerabilities and urged organizations to update Veeam Backup & Replication 12.3.2 (build 12.3.2.3617) and Veeam Agent for Microsoft Windows 6.3.2 (build 6.3.2.1205) as soon as possible.

For security best practices maintaining up-to-date backup systems, prompt patching and adherence to security best practices are essential to prevent potential exploitation and data compromise.

The critical nature of vulnerabilities demands backup and disaster recovery along with strict access controls and ongoing monitoring as essential tips to safeguard infrastructure that have been backed up from potential attacks. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft June 2025 Patch Tuesday – 67 Vulnerabilities Fixed Including 2 Zero-Days 

Summary : Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a total of 67 vulnerabilities across its product ecosystem. Critical flaws in WebDAV, SMB, SharePoint and Remote Desktop Services highlight the urgency of installing this month’s updates.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-06-10 
No. of Vulnerabilities Patched 67 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These include multiple high-risk flaws and two zero-day vulnerabilities one actively exploited and one publicly disclosed affecting core components like Windows WebDAV and the SMB Client. 

  • 67 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 3 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of May 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 25 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 17 Information Disclosure 
  • 14 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 6 Denial of Service (DoS)  
  • 3 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 2 Spoofing 
  • 2 Chromium (Edge) Vulnerabilities 
  • 1 Windows Secure Boot 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
WebDAV Remote Code Execution (Exploited in the wild)  CVE-2025-33053 Windows High 8.8 
SMB Client Elevation of Privilege (Publicly disclosed) CVE-2025-33073 Windows  High 8.8 

Technical Summary 

Two zero-day vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s ecosystem were addressed in June 2025. One of these, CVE-2025-33053, has been exploited in the wild and affects the deprecated but still present WebDAV component in Windows. The other, CVE-2025-33073, was publicly disclosed and affects the Windows SMB client, enabling attackers to elevate privileges. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-33053 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server WebDAV RCE triggered when a user clicks a malicious link. Exploited by APT group “Stealth Falcon.” Exploitation complexity is low. Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-33073 Windows 10,11 and Windows Server EoP flaw in SMB Client. Exploitation may occur by connecting to a malicious SMB server. Privilege elevation to SYSTEM is possible. Elevation of Privilege  

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the zero-day vulnerabilities, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE-2025-47162, CVE-2025-47164, CVE-2025-47167: Microsoft Office, Preview Pane-based RCE vulnerabilities, exploitation more likely (CVSS 8.4) 
  • CVE-2025-47172: Microsoft SharePoint Server, SQL injection-based RCE (CVSS 8.8) 
  • CVE-2025-29828: Windows Cryptographic Services, memory release issue (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-32710: Windows Remote Desktop Services, use-after-free vulnerability (CVSS 8.1) 
  • CVE-2025-29976: Microsoft SharePoint, Local privilege escalation (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-30393: Microsoft Excel, RCE via malicious Excel file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-24063: Windows Kernel, Local privilege escalation, marked “Exploitation More Likely” (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-32702: Visual Studio, Command injection RCE via malicious project file (CVSS 7.8) 
  • CVE-2025-26685: Microsoft Defender for Identity, Spoofing via NTLM fallback, exploitable in adjacent networks (CVSS 6.5) 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the June 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

General Recommendations: 

  • Prioritize Zero-Days: Focus on patching the two confirmed zero-day vulnerabilities, especially those allowing Elevation of Privilege and remote code execution. 
  • Disable Deprecated Services: If not required, disable WebDAV (WebClient service) and SMBv1 to reduce exposure. 
  • Enforce SMB Signing: Use Group Policy to mandate SMB signing, reducing the risk from CVE-2025-33073. 
  • Monitor for Exploitation Attempts: Watch for suspicious SMB or WebDAV traffic in logs and endpoint detection systems. 
  •  Enable Auto Updates Where Feasible: For individual endpoints and less tightly controlled systems, enable automatic updates to maintain regular patch schedule. 

Conclusion: 

Microsoft’s June 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses two important zero-day vulnerabilities, including an actively exploited RCE in WebDAV tracked as CVE-2025-33053.

Organizations should prioritize these patches to mitigate risk from real-world threats. The CVE-2025-33053 vulnerability has also been added to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, emphasizing its urgency. 

References: 

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