Intrucept

Security Advisory

Apple Patches Zero-Day Vulnerability Exploited in Targeted Attacks (CVE-2025-43300) 

Security Advisory : Apple has released critical security patches to address a newly discovered zero-day vulnerability, CVE-2025-43300, that was found to be actively exploited in targeted attacks.

To protect users, Apple has issued patches in iOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10 and the latest macOS versions.

OEM Apple 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-43300 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview  The vulnerability resides in Apple’s ImageIO framework, which is used for handling image files across iOS, iPadOS, and macOS platforms. According to Apple, the flaw may have been used in sophisticated, targeted attacks, although exact details have not been disclosed.

The vulnerability affects a wide range of devices, including iPhones starting from the XS, multiple iPad models and Macs running macOS Ventura, Sonoma and Sequoia. This marks the seventh zero-day exploited in the wild that Apple has addressed in 2025, underscoring the increasing frequency and severity of threats targeting Apple users. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
An out-of-bounds write issue   CVE-2025-43300 iPhone, iPad, macOS  High iOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS 13.7.8, macOS 14.7.8, macOS 15.6.1 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-43300, is classified as an out-of-bounds write issue within the ImageIO framework.

It can be exploited when a specially crafted image file is processed, causing memory corruption that could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected device.

This makes it a critical security flaw, particularly because the attack vector image files are common and often considered low risk. Apple has mitigated vulnerability by improving bounds by checking in the affected code.

The exploitation of this bug in the wild indicates a high level of sophistication, likely by advanced persistent threat actors targeting specific individuals. The technical nature of the bug aligns with a broader trend in which attackers exploit flaws in media-handling components to achieve remote code execution. As such, this patch not only fixes a critical issue but also highlights the need for continued vigilance and timely system updates. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-43300 iPhones, iPads, Macs. Critical out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Apple’s ImageIO framework that allows remote code execution by processing a malicious image. It has been actively exploited in highly targeted attacks on iOS, iPadOS, and macOS devices, prompting urgent patches.  Remote code execution via malicious image zero-click attack surface 

Apple has so far fixed a total of seven zero-day vulnerabilities in 2025 that were actively exploited in real-world attacks, including CVE-2025-43300, reflecting an ongoing effort to patch critical security flaws across iOS, iPadOS, and macOS platforms. 

  • CVE-2025-24085: A memory corruption flaw in WebKit that could allow remote code execution via malicious web content. 
  • CVE-2025-24200: An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the kernel, enabling attackers to gain higher system privileges. 
  • CVE-2025-2420: A logic issue in the kernel that could lead to arbitrary code execution by a malicious app. 
  • CVE-2025-31200: A vulnerability in the CoreGraphics framework allowing remote code execution when processing malicious PDF files. 
  • CVE-2025-31201: An issue in the IOMobileFrameBuffer kernel extension that could permit a local attacker to escalate privileges. 
  • CVE-2025-43200: A flaw in the AppleAVD driver leading to a potential kernel privilege escalation. 
  • CVE-2025-43300: An out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the ImageIO framework actively exploited through malicious images, enabling remote code execution. 

Remediation: 

Update your Apple devices immediately to the latest patched versions: 

  • iPhone – iOS 18.6.2 
  • iPad – iPadOS 18.6.2/17.7.10 
  • macOS – macOS Ventura 13.7.8, Sonoma 14.7.8 or Sequoia 15.6.1. 

Conclusion: 
Apple has urgently patched seven critical zero-day vulnerabilities in 2025, including CVE-2025-43300, that were actively exploited in targeted attacks.

Users are strongly advised to update their devices immediately to stay protected against these serious threats. 

In addition, CISA has added CVE-2025-43300 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog under BOD 22-01, requiring federal agencies to remediate the flaw within specified timelines.

While the directive is mandatory for federal agencies, CISA strongly urges all organizations to prioritize remediation of KEV-listed vulnerabilities to reduce their exposure to active threats. 

References: 

Security Advisory

WhatsApp Privacy Advisory: Protect Your Conversations 

Overview Security Advisory:

WhatsApp provides end-to-end encryption by default, ensuring that only you and your intended recipient can read messages. However, encryption alone does not guarantee complete privacy. Misconfigured or disabled privacy settings may still expose user information, media or allow unauthorized access. 

These advisory highlights the most important privacy features that should be enabled, along with a checklist for additional protections. 

Critical Privacy Features to Enable 

  1. Advanced Chat Privacy 

This feature strengthens the security of your conversations by limiting how chats and media can be shared outside WhatsApp. 

Benefits: 

  • Prevents chat exports that could expose sensitive data. 
  • Restricts unauthorized forwarding or third-party use of your conversations. 
  • Protects against data mining and AI-driven scanning, ensuring personal and business chats remain confidential. 
  • Gives you greater control over how your messages are handled beyond WhatsApp. 
  • Enabling this feature is highly recommended, especially for users discussing sensitive financial, personal, or corporate information. 
  1. End-to-End Encrypted Backups 

While chats are encrypted in transit, backups stored on Google Drive or iCloud are not encrypted by default. Activating encrypted backups ensures: 

  • Only you can access backup data, using your chosen password or encryption key. 
  • Neither WhatsApp, Google, nor Apple can read your chat history. 
  • Added protection if your cloud account is compromised. 
  1. Disappearing Messages 

This feature allows messages to auto-delete after 24 hours, 7 days, or 90 days. 

Benefits: 

  • Reduces digital footprint and limits data exposure over time. 
  • Ensure sensitive conversations do not remain accessible indefinitely. 
  • Useful for both personal privacy and business confidentiality. 

Quick Setup Checklist 

Step Action 
1 Enable Advanced Chat Privacy in all important chats 
2 Turn on End-to-End Encrypted Backup 
3 Run Privacy Checkup: review visibility and group settings 
4 Activate Disappearing Messages where appropriate 
5 Enable App/Chat Locks (biometric/PIN) 
6 Set up Two-Factor Authentication 
7 Disable Media Auto-Saving 
8 Check Linked Devices and log out extras 
9 Restrict visibility of Last Seen, Profile Photo, About, and disable Read Receipts if desired 

Recommendations 

  • Enable Advanced Chat Privacy immediately to prevent misuse of conversations. 
  • Activate encrypted backups for long-term data security. 
  • Use disappearing messages for sensitive discussions. 
  • Regularly review privacy settings and update WhatsApp to the latest version. 

Conclusion: 
Strengthening WhatsApp privacy settings is critical for protecting both personal and professional communication. Enabling key features like Advanced Chat Privacy, Encrypted Backups, and Disappearing Messages provides stronger control over data security and reduces risks of unauthorized access or misuse. 

  

Security Advisory

PostgreSQL High-Severity RCE Flaws in pg_dump Utilities Allow Remote Code Execution 

Summary : Security advisory: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has issued a security update addressing 3 security vulnerabilities and over 55 bugs, including two high-severity remote code execution (RCE) flaws in core utilities. The update applies to PostgreSQL 17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, and 13.22, as well as the third beta release of PostgreSQL 18.

Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-8715, CVE-2025-8714, CVE-2025-8713 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These issues affect all PostgreSQL versions 13 through 17. All the administrators & users are urged to update immediately to prevent potential exploitation. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​ Object Name Newline Injection  CVE-2025-8715 PostgreSQL version 13-17  High  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  
pg_dump Restore-Time Arbitrary Code Execution CVE-2025-8714 PostgreSQL version 13-17 High  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  
View Access Policy Bypass via Statistics Leak CVE-2025-8713 PostgreSQL version 13-17 Low  17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22  

Technical Summary 

The PostgreSQL security update addresses three critical vulnerabilities that primarily impact its core utilities, specifically pg_dump, pg_dumpall and pg_restore. The most severe flaws, CVE-2025-8714 and CVE-2025-8715, enable remote code execution during database restoration.

These arise from improper handling of untrusted data and newline characters in dump outputs, allowing a malicious superuser from the origin server to inject arbitrary code via crafted meta-commands or object names.

When such a dump file is restored, the injected code executes on the client system as the operating system user running psql, leading to potential full system compromise. In some cases, the attack can even lead to SQL injection on the target server. The third issue, CVE-2025-8713, is lower in severity but still notable, allowing unauthorized users to infer sensitive data from optimizer statistics due to insufficient enforcement of row-level security policies. This can lead to leakage of histogram data and most common value lists from views or partitioned tables. These vulnerabilities collectively threaten data confidentiality, system integrity and operational security, especially in environments where backups are frequently restored or shared. 

CVE ID CVSS Score System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-8715 8.8 PostgreSQL version 13-17 Due to improper neutralization of newline characters in object names. A user with access to the origin server can craft object names containing newlines that inject psql meta-commands into the dump output. Upon restoration, these commands are interpreted and executed, leading to arbitrary code execution or even SQL injection on the restore target server. This issue was previously addressed in CVE-2012-0868 but was inadvertently reintroduced in version 11.20. Arbitrary code execution 
CVE-2025-8714 8.8 PostgreSQL version 13-17 A malicious superuser on the origin server can inject arbitrary code into a plain-format database dump via meta-commands or object definitions. When this dump is restored, the malicious code is executed by the psql client under the privileges of the system account running the restore operation. This flaw occurs due to insufficient validation of input data included in dump files. Arbitrary code execution 
CVE-2025-8713 3.1 PostgreSQL version 13-17 This allows unauthorized users to infer sensitive data by exploiting PostgreSQL’s optimizer statistics. A user can craft a leaky operator or query that bypasses access control mechanisms within views or partitioned tables. This permits access to internal statistics, such as histograms or most-common-values lists, which can expose data that row security policies are meant to hide. Unauthorized access 

Recommendations: 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Upgrade to PostgreSQL versions 17.6, 16.10, 15.14, 14.19, 13.22, or the latest. 
  • Ensure pg_dump/restore operations are performed only with trusted data sources. 
  • Limit superuser privileges on database systems. 
  • Sanitize and audit database objects used in dumps or restores. 
  • Check for unusual meta-commands or object names in restore logs. 

Conclusion: 
Two of the vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-8714 and CVE-2025-8715) allow for arbitrary code execution. It’s the threats to system integrity and confidentiality. While not publicly exploited at the time of release, the potential severity of these flaws makes immediate patching critical.

PostgreSQL administrators should update all affected systems and review internal restore processes to avoid compromise. 

References: 

Blogs

Fake ChatGPT Desktop App used to deliver PipeMagic Malware

Microsoft finds that a fake ChatGPT Desktop App Delivering PipeMagic Backdoor,a part of sophisticated malware framework. The PipeMagic campaign represents a dangerous evolution in the global cybercrime landscape. The malicious campaign, powered by a new backdoor called PipeMagic, targets multiple industries including IT, finance, and real estate. The PipeMagic attack is centered around CVE-2025-29824, a critical Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) vulnerability

The PipeMagic campaign a malware to technical threat exploiting trust globally

As per Microsoft cybercriminals are disguising malware as widely popular ChatGPT Desktop Application to launch ransomware attacks across the globe.  

PipeMagic’s evolution from malware to technical threat exploiting trust globally

The malware allows hackers to escalate privileges once inside a system, by leveraging the immense popularity of ChatGPT, attackers have successfully weaponized user trust.

Microsoft has linked the operation to Storm-2460, a financially motivated cybercrime group known for deploying ransomware through stealthy backdoors.

PipeMagic is a malware first detected in December 2022 while investigating a malicious campaign involving RansomExx. The victims were industrial companies in Southeast Asia. To penetrate the infrastructure, the attackers exploited the CVE-2017-0144 vulnerability.

The backdoor’s loader was a trojanized version of Rufus, a utility for formatting USB drives. PipeMagic supported two modes of operation – as a full-fledged backdoor providing remote access, and as a network gateway – and enabled the execution of a wide range of commands.

Pipemagic’s technique of attack

PipeMagic also reflects a growing trend where attackers combine fileless malware techniques with modular frameworks.

By running directly in memory, it avoids detection from traditional signature-based tools. The modular design means it can expand its functionality much like commercial software — essentially transforming cybercrime into a scalable business model.

Another key point is the use of cloud infrastructure for command-and-control. By hosting their servers on Azure, the hackers blend into normal enterprise traffic, making malicious communications far less suspicious. This tactic underscores the need for behavioral monitoring instead of relying solely on blacklists.

Microsoft attributes PipeMagic to a financially motivated group known as Storm-2460. This is a warning sign for future attacks in the broader cybersecurity landscape.

PipeMagic’s modus operandi could be an inspiration for future malware families and its modular framework could fuel a wave of ransomware-as-a-service operations. That possibility raises the stakes not just for enterprises but also for small businesses and even government institutions.

The first stage of the PipeMagic infection execution begins with a malicious in-memory dropper disguised as the open-source for chat GPT application project. The threat actor uses a modified version of the GitHub project that includes malicious code to decrypt and launch an embedded payload in memory.

The embedded payload is the PipeMagic malware, a modular backdoor that communicates with its C2 server over TCP. Once active, PipeMagic receives payload modules through a named pipe and its C2 server.

The malware self-updates by storing these modules in memory using a series of doubly linked lists.

These lists serve distinct purposes for staging, execution, and communication, enabling the threat actor to interact and manage capabilities of backdoor throughout its lifecycle.

By offloading network communication and backdoor tasks to discrete modules, PipeMagic maintains a modular, stealthy, and highly extensible architecture, making detection and analysis significantly challenging.

Microsoft Threat Intelligence encountered PipeMagic as part of research on an attack chain involving the exploitation of CVE-2025-29824, an elevation of privilege vulnerability in Windows Common Log File System (CLFS).

Security Advisory

Microsoft IIS Web Deploy RCE Vulnerability Allows Authenticated Remote Code Execution 

Summary of Vulnerability in Microsoft Web Deploy 4.0 (CVE-2025-53772) revels critical security flaw that could be exploited by authenticated attackers to execute code on affected systems. This is the bug disclosed on August 12, 2025, with a CVSS score of 8.8, indicating high severity.

Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-53772 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

A vulnerability in Microsoft Web Deploy 4.0 (CVE-2025-53772) allows authenticated attackers to remotely execute arbitrary code on affected systems.

The issue arises from the insecure deserialization of untrusted data. Due to its low privilege requirements and lack of user interaction, this flaw poses a significant threat, especially in enterprise deployment environments. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​ Web Deploy Remote Code Execution via Deserialization  CVE-2025-53772 Microsoft Web Deploy 4.0  High  10.0.2001 or later 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability stems from insecure deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502), allowing remote attackers to craft malicious HTTP requests that trigger code execution on the web server. This flaw enables remote code execution (RCE) under specific conditions, where the attacker must have authenticated access and network connectivity.

The attack is network-based, requires only low-privilege access and does not rely on user interaction. Successful exploitation can result in a high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability of the affected system. As of the time of publication, no public exploit has been reported and the exploit maturity is considered unproven. 

CVE ID CVSS Score System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53772 8.8 Microsoft Web Deploy 4.0 Web Deploy deserializes untrusted input, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. Remote Code Execution 

Recommendations: 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Apply Microsoft Web Deploy version 10.0.2001 or latest version. 
  • Limit access to Web Deploy endpoints to trusted IP ranges or internal networks only. 
  • Audit logs for unusual HTTP POST activity to Web Deploy endpoints. 

Conclusion: 
While CVE-2025-53772 has not yet been publicly exploited, the nature of the flaw and the ease of attack (low privileges, no user interaction) significantly increases the risk of widespread exploitation, particularly in enterprise deployment environments.

Organizations using Microsoft Web Deploy 4.0 should update and apply the latest patch without delay.

This vulnerability affects Web Deploy 4.0 and requires low privileges to exploit, making it particularly concerning for organizations that use this deployment tool in their infrastructure. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to exploit the system via low-complexity network-based attacks. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Microsoft Patch Tuesday August Patches 119 Vulnerabilities; Publicly Disclosed Kerberos Zero‑Day

Microsoft Patch Tuesday : Key points:

119 vulnerabilities discovered & 13 are classified as Critical rating meaning as per Microsoft’ they could be abused by malware or malcontents to gain remote access to a Windows system with little or no help from users.

CVE-2025-53779 is Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

The vulnerabilities fall into multiple categories, including Remote Code Execution (RCE), Elevation of Privilege (EoP), Information Disclosure, Spoofing, Denial of Service (DoS), and Tampering. Below is a detailed breakdown of the vulnerabilities by category, along with key insights for organizations to prioritize their patching efforts.

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-08-12 
No. of Patches  119 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Microsoft has released security updates addressing 119 vulnerabilities in the August 2025 Patch Tuesday cycle, including one publicly disclosed zero-day in Windows Kerberos. Of these, 13 are classified as Critical, covering a wide range of products such as Windows components, Office, Azure, Exchange and SharePoint. 

  • 111 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 8 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed 

Breakdown of August 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 44 Elevation of Privilege Vulnerabilities 
  • 35 Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities 
  • 18 Information Disclosure Vulnerabilities 
  • 9 Spoofing Vulnerabilities 
  • 4 Denial of Service Vulnerabilities 
  • 1 Tampering vulnerabilities 
Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2025-53779 Windows Server 2025 High 7.2 

Technical Summary 

The August 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses a publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-53779 in Windows Kerberos.

This elevation of privilege flaw, related to improper path handling in domain-managed service accounts (dMSA), could allow a local attacker to gain domain administrator privileges.

Microsoft also patched several critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities across Windows Graphics, GDI+, Office, DirectX, and Hyper-V. Many of these vulnerabilities require minimal or no user interaction, such as simply opening a file in the preview pane or processing crafted image or network messages, making them high-risk for enterprise environments. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-53779 Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Relative path traversal in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Privilege escalation 

Source: Microsoft and NVD 

In addition to the publicly disclosed vulnerability, several other critical and high-severity issues were addressed: 

  • CVE‑2025‑50165 and CVE‑2025‑53766: Graphics-related RCEs, particularly vulnerable due to their ability to execute code without user interaction and potential wormable behavior. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53792: Azure Portal, privilege escalation vulnerability, critical impact on cloud administration surface. 
  • CVE‑2025‑50171: Remote Desktop Server, allows remote code execution over RDP. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53778: Windows NTLM, elevation of privilege exploitation includes lateral movement across enterprise networks. 
  • CVE‑2025‑53786: Microsoft Exchange Server, hybrid environment vulnerability with potential for cloud environment hijacking. 

Key Affected Products and Services 

The vulnerabilities addressed in August 2025 impact a wide range of Microsoft products and services, including: 

  • Windows Core and Authentication Systems 

Includes fixes in Windows Server (Kerberos), Windows Graphics Component, GDI+, DirectX Graphics Kernel, NTLM, Hyper‑V, MSMQ, Remote Desktop and more. 

  • Microsoft Office Suite and Productivity Tools 

Microsoft Office and Word, notably through Preview Pane RCE flaws, as well as SharePoint (RCE and EoP), Exchange Server (Privilege Escalation in hybrid setups) and Teams. 

  • Cloud and Azure Ecosystem 

Critical issues in Azure Virtual Machines (spoofing and info disclosure), Azure Stack Hub and potentially Azure Portal. 

  • Virtualization and Hypervisor Technologies 

Updates include vulnerabilities in Hyper‑V (RCE and privilege escalation) and DirectX graphics kernel components relevant to virtualization. 

  • Development Tools 

Fixes include vulnerabilities affecting Visual Studio and GitHub Copilot, reinforcing development environments. 

  • Messaging and Queuing Services 

Includes a critical RCE in Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ). 

  • Browsers: 
    Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based). 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Install the August 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

Conclusion: 

Microsoft’s August 2025 Patch Tuesday, disclosed zero-day CVE-2025-53779 is another privilege escalation flaw in Windows Kerberos that stems from a case of relative path traversal. Akamai researcher Yuval Gordon has been credited with discovering and reporting the bug.

Aside from the vulnerabilities patched and disclosed in the regular monthly patch release for August, it is worth noting that one week ahead of the monthly update, Microsoft disclosed 4 vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft cloud services.

References: 

Security Advisory

7-Zip Security Flaw Allows Malicious File Writes and Potential Exploits 

Summary Security Advisory: 7-Zip Security Flaw

A vulnerability in 7-Zip (versions before 25.01) allows attackers to abuse symbolic links in archive files to write files outside the intended extraction directory.

Severity Low 
CVSS Score 3.6 
CVEs CVE-2025-55188 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

This can lead to overwriting sensitive files, potentially enabling code execution or privilege escalation. The flaw is primarily exploitable on Linux systems due to common file permission models but can also impact Windows under specific conditions. Affected archive formats include ZIP, TAR, 7Z and RAR. 

The security flaw was  reported and discoverd by security researcher lunbun, who identified that 7-Zip fails to properly validate symbolic links when extracting certain archive formats.

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​ 7-Zip Arbitrary File Write via Symbolic Link Flaw  CVE-2025-55188 7-Zip  Low  25.01 and later. 

Technical Summary 

Cause: Improper validation of symbolic links during archive extraction. 

Attack Vector: Malicious archives can contain symlinks pointing outside the extraction directory. 

Impact: Overwrites arbitrary files on the system. On Linux, this can replace startup scripts, configuration files, or binaries to gain elevated privileges. On Windows, exploitation requires write access to target paths. 

Affected Formats: ZIP, TAR, 7Z, RAR. 

CVE ID CVSS Score System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-55188 3.6 Linux, Windows 7-Zip versions 7-Zip mishandles symbolic links in archives, letting attackers write files anywhere on the system during extraction. Code execution, Privilege escalation 

Recommendations: 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Update 7-Zip to version 25.01 or latest one.  
  • Avoid extracting archives from untrusted sources. 
  • Always consider using sandboxed environments for unknown files extraction. 

Conclusion: 
While CVE-2025-55188 carries a low CVSS score, the real-world impact can be severe in certain environments, especially on Linux systems with high-privilege extraction processes.

Immediate patching to 7-Zip 25.01 or later is strongly advised to mitigate the risk of arbitrary file overwrite attacks. 

The researcher has submitted a request for reevaluation of the CVSS score and offered to provide proof-of-concept demonstrations to package repository maintainers who require additional verification.

References: 

Security Advisory

WinRAR Zero-Day Path Traversal Flaw Actively Exploited to Code Execution 

Security advisory: A zero-day path traversal vulnerability has been discovered in the Windows version of a popular file archiver utility, WinRAR. The vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-8088, affects multiple Windows-based WinRAR an components, which has already been exploited in the wild.

Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.4 
CVEs CVE-2025-8088 
POC Available Yes 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 
This flaw allows attackers to manipulate the extraction path of files from a malicious archive, enabling them to place arbitrary code file in sensitive system folders, overwrite important files and even execute malicious code immediately upon extraction. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
Path Traversal Vulnerability   CVE-2025-8088  WinRAR (Windows versions), RAR, UnRAR, portable UnRAR (Windows), UnRAR.dll 8.4  WinRAR 7.13 

Technical Summary 

When extracting files, vulnerable versions of WinRAR could be tricked into using a maliciously crafted file path embedded inside an archive rather than the user’s intended extraction directory. This occurs when the extraction process fails to properly validate and sanitize file paths before writing them to disk. 
As a result, attackers can: 

  • Place malicious files in protected system directories. 
  • Overwrite critical system/application files. 
  • Trigger automatic execution of malware without further user action. 

Most common attack vector involves sending a malicious archive via phishing or other social engineering techniques. When opened with a vulnerable WinRAR version, the malware is silently deployed and executed. 

Unix versions of RAR, UnRAR, UnRAR library, RAR for Android are not affected for this vulnerability. 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-8088 WinRAR and related components on Windows version (RAR, UnRAR, portable UnRAR, UnRAR.dll) Flawed extraction path handling allows files to be placed outside the intended extraction directory. Allows arbitrary file placement, overwriting critical files, and executing malicious code without user interaction. 

Recommendations: 

Here are the recommendations below you can follow 

  • Update immediately to WinRAR 7.13 or newer version from the official WinRAR website. 
  • Avoid extracting archives from untrusted or unknown sources. 
  • Enable endpoint protection and ensure it scans archives before extraction. 
  • Audit your system for unusual or unauthorized files in system directories. 

Conclusion: 
CVE-2025-8088 shows that even widely trusted tools like WinRAR can become high-risk targets when flaws allow silent malware deployment during normal usage. Given that this zero-day has already been exploited, updating to WinRAR 7.13 immediately is crucial. Additionally, users should avoid extracting files from unknown sources and maintain strong endpoint protection. 

References: 

Blogs

Automotive Security under fire as Firmware Flipper Zero of Dark Web break Rolling Code security of Latest Vehicles

Security researchers discovered Firmware for device related to Flipper Zero and showcased by YouTube channel Talking Sasquatch.

A cyber threat that can bring in significant escalation in automotive cybersecurity that demands a single intercepted signal to compromise a vehicle’s entire key automotive functionality. Rolling code security systems basically protects millions of modern vehicles.

Automative vehicles may use encryption to avoid eavesdropping (i.e., capture and decoding of signals) or tampering attacks (i.e., “flipping” lock signals to unlocks). However, replaying signals, even if they are encrypted, is straightforward.

Rolling code security

That is where rolling code come in action and have been introduced wherein a particular code2 (e.g., an “unlock” code) is considered disposable, i.e., it is only used once. In a nutshell, every button click on the key fob triggers a counter in the key fob and in the vehicle upon reception to roll, making it valid for subsequent use in the future. (https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3627827)

Single capture attack method: For this new attack to work, all that is needed is a single button-press capture from the keyfob, without any jamming. Just from that single capture, it is able to emulate all the keyfob’s functions, including lock, unlock, and unlock trunk. A consequence of this is that the original keyfob gets out of sync, and will no longer function.

According to the Talking Sasquatch, the attack works by simply reverse engineering the rolling code sequence, either through sequence leaks or prior brute forcing of the sequence from a large list of known codes.

Challenges in Automotive landscape

The automotive landscape has transformed into a convergence of software and mechanics, introducing exciting possibilities for vehicle performance and convenience. New concerns on vulnerabilities raises eyes about how malicious actors can exploit codes.

Regardless of the method, videos demonstrating the attack show that only a single capture is needed to emulate a keyfob completely.

Affected vehicles include Chrysler, Dodge, Fiat, Ford, Hyundai, Jeep, Kia, Mitsubishi and Subaru. As of yet, there appears to be no easy fix for this, other than mass vehicle recalls.

Secure coding

It is advised that regular code reviews is published that uses latest static analysis tools help detect vulnerabilities early in the development process.

Keep a secured update mechanisms enable swift responses to emerging threats that can address security vulnerabilites

Let’s understand the importance of of security and feel responsible for it and that requires best practices, cyber security culture and implementing early testing.

What can manufactures do to avoid cyber security lapses

For manufactures its advisable DevSecOps and automotive fuzzing tools that offer great solutions to prevent crashes further they improve efficiency and accuracy of their testing efforts and minimize costs.

GaarudNode from Intruceptlabs

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Sources: https://www.rtl-sdr.com/flipperzero-darkweb-firmware-bypasses-rolling-code-security/)

Security Advisory

Zero-Day Exploitation in SonicWall Targeted by Akira Ransomware 

Summary 

A critical zero-day vulnerability is suspected in SonicWall SSL VPN appliances, which are currently being actively exploited by threat actors linked to the Akira ransomware group. These attacks began last month and exploit even fully patched devices and systems with multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled. In many cases, attackers move quickly, encrypting victim systems within hours of gaining access. 

Detailed Observation 

The ongoing attacks targeting SonicWall SSL VPN appliances suggest the presence of a zero-day vulnerability that allows threat actors to gain unauthorized access to enterprise networks.

This exploitation may be limited to TZ and NSa-series SonicWall firewalls with SSLVPN enabled. The attack patterns indicate that the attackers may be exploiting a flaw in the VPN’s authentication or session management mechanisms which they can be able to bypass the MFA.

Security researchers also observed that the threat actors often used legitimate credentials, including recently rotated passwords, implying either credential theft or session hijacking.

These login attempts were traced back to Virtual Private Servers (VPS), a common tactic to obscure the attacker’s origin. Once threat actors on the network, they abuse the privileged accounts, then start establishing C2 and move laterally in the network, then at the last stage before deploying the ransomware they are disabling the defenses to smooth deploy.

The ransomware group suggests Akira, has been seen deploying malware and encrypting data within hours, showcasing a high level of automation and operational efficiency.

The pattern and speed of these attacks point to a well-orchestrated campaign that likely began months earlier (as early as October 2024) but surged in mid-July 2025. This level of sophistication, combined with the failure of traditional defenses, strongly supports the theory that attackers are leveraging an undisclosed vulnerability in SonicWall’s SSL VPN stack. 

Remediation: 

Until an official SonicWall patch is released, organizations should take the following immediate actions: 

  • Disable SonicWall SSL VPN if possible, especially for external access. 
  • Enforce network segmentation to limit the radius of any potential breach. 
  • Monitor access logs for suspicious login attempts (especially from VPS-hosting IP ranges). 
  • Block known malicious IPs and ASNs used in previous attacks. 
  • Rotate all VPN credentials, especially for admin or privileged users. 
  • Harden MFA configuration (though current evidence shows bypasses are possible). 
  • Enable IP reputation and botnet protection features in SonicWall firewalls. 
  • Audit all VPN user accounts, removing any inactive or unnecessary ones. 

IOCs 

Attacker IP Threat Actors used tools ASN/CIDR hosting adversary infrastructure User & Password created  
42.252.99[.]59 w.exe AS24863 – LINK-NET – 45.242.96.0/22 backupSQL (U) 
45.86.208[.]240 win.exe AS62240 – Clouvider – 45.86.208.0/22 lockadmin (U) 
77.247.126[.]239 C:\ProgramData\winrar.exe AS62240 – Clouvider – 77.247.126.0/24 Password123$ (P) 
104.238.205[.]105 C:\ProgramData\OpenSSHa.msi AS23470 – ReliableSite LLC – 104.238.204.0/22 Msnc?42da (P) 
104.238.220[.]216 C:\Program Files\OpenSSH\sshd.exe AS23470 – ReliableSite LLC – 104.238.220.0/22 VRT83g$%ce (P) 
181.215.182[.]64 C:\programdata\ssh\cloudflared.exe AS174 – COGENT-174 – 181.215.182.0/24  
193.163.194[.]7 C:\Program Files\FileZilla FTP Client\fzsftp.exe AS62240 – Clouvider – 193.163.194.0/24  
193.239.236[.]149 C:\ProgramData\1.bat AS62240 – Clouvider – 193.239.236.0/23  
194.33.45[.]155 C:\ProgramData\2.bat AS62240 – Clouvider – 194.33.45.0/24  
  • Source: huntress.com 

Conclusion: 
The exploitation of a suspected zero-day in SonicWall SSL VPN poses an immediate and critical threat to enterprise environments.

The ability of attackers to bypass authentication and deploy ransomware within hours is highly dangerous and points to a sophisticated, active campaign.

Organizations using SonicWall VPNs must take preemptive steps now, including disabling VPN access if feasible and aggressively monitoring for anomalies, until SonicWall releases a formal patch or mitigation advisory 

References: 

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