Infosec

Security Advisory

OpenCTI Web-Hook Flaw Enables Full System Compromise

Summary

OEMFiligran
SeverityCritical
CVSS Score9.1
CVEsCVE-2025-24977
Actively ExploitedNo
Exploited in WildNo
Advisory Version1.0

Overview

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-24977) in the OpenCTI Platform allows authenticated users with specific permissions to execute arbitrary commands on the host infrastructure, leading to potential full system compromise.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityFixed Version
​ Webhook Remote Code Execution vulnerability  CVE-2025-24977OpenCTI  Critical  6.4.11

Technical Summary

The vulnerability resides in OpenCTI’s webhook templating system, which is built on JavaScript. Users with elevated privileges can inject malicious JavaScript into web-hook templates.

Although the platform implements a basic sandbox to prevent the use of external modules, this protection can be bypassed, allowing attackers to gain command execution within the host container.

Due to common deployment practices using Docker or Kubernetes, where environment variables are used to pass sensitive data (eg: credentials, tokens), exploitation of this flaw may expose critical secrets and permit root-level access, leading to full infrastructure takeover.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability DetailsImpact
    CVE-2025-24977  OpenCTI (≤ v6.4.10)The webhook feature allows JavaScript-based message customization. Users with manage customizations permission can craft malicious JavaScript in templates to bypass restrictions and execute OS-level commands. Since OpenCTI is often containerized, attackers can gain root access and extract sensitive environment variables passed to the container.  Root shell access in the container, exposure of sensitive secrets, full system compromise, lateral movement within infrastructure.

Remediation:

  • Upgrade: Immediately update to OpenCTI version 6.4.11 or later.
  • Restrict user permissions: Especially the manage customizations capability — limit access to trusted personnel only.
  • Review and audit: Existing webhook configurations for signs of misuse, unauthorized scripts, or suspicious behavior.
  • Implement container hardening practices: Reduce risk of secret exposure by:
    • Avoiding storage of secrets in environment variables when possible.
    • Using dedicated secret management tools.
    • Running containers with least privilege and limiting runtime capabilities.

The misuse can grant the attacker a root shell inside a container, exposing internal server-side secrets and potentially compromising the entire infrastructure.

Conclusion:
CVE-2025-24977 presents a highly exploitable attack vector within the OpenCTI platform and must be treated as an urgent priority for remediation.

The combination of remote code execution, privileged access and secret exposure in containerized environments makes it especially dangerous.

Organizations leveraging OpenCTI should upgrade to the latest version without delay, review their deployment security posture, and enforce strict access control around webhook customization capabilities.

References:

Security Advisory

Apache Parquet Java Vulnerability Enables Remote Code Execution via Avro Schema 

Summary Security Advisory:

A high-severity remote code execution (RCE) has been identified in Apache Parquet Java, specifically within the parquet-avro module. Discovered by Apache contributor Gang Wu, this vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.15.1 and can allow attackers to execute arbitrary code when a system processes a specially crafted Parquet file. The issue is fixed in version 1.15.2. 

OEM Apache 
Severity High 
CVSS Score Not Available 
CVEs CVE-2025-46762 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Apache Parquet is an open-source, columnar storage format designed for efficient data processing, widely used by big data platforms and organizations engaged in data engineering and analytics.

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Remote Code Execution vulnerability  CVE-2025-46762 Apache Parquet Java  High  1.15.2 

Technical Summary 

CVE-2025-46762 arises from insecure schema parsing logic in the parquet-avro module of Apache Parquet Java. When the application uses the “specific” or “reflect” Avro data models to read a Parquet file, malicious actors can inject specially crafted metadata into the Avro schema portion of the file.

Upon deserialization, the system may inadvertently execute code from Java classes listed in the default trusted packages (e.g., java.util), resulting in remote code execution. The vulnerability is not present when using the safer “generic” Avro model. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-46762  Apache Parquet Java ≤1.15.1 Insecure deserialization in the parquet-avro module allows execution of arbitrary Java classes when processing Parquet files with embedded malicious Avro schemas. The issue is exploitable only when using the “specific” or “reflect” data models, and relies on the presence of pre-approved trusted packages like java.util.  Remote Code Execution (RCE), potential supply chain compromise, unauthorized code execution. 

Conditions for Exploitation: 

  • Applications must use parquet-avro to read Parquet files. 
  • The Avro “specific” or “reflect” deserialization models are used (not “generic”). 
  • Attacker-supplied or untrusted Parquet files are processed by the system. 

This creates significant risk in data processing environments such as Apache Spark, Flink, and Hadoop, where external Parquet files are commonly ingested. 

Remediation: 

  • Upgrade to Apache Parquet Java version 1.15.2: This version addresses the vulnerability by tightening controls around trusted packages and blocking unsafe deserialization. 
  • For users unable to upgrade immediately: apply the following JVM system property to disable trusted package deserialization: 

-Dorg.apache.parquet.avro.SERIALIZABLE_PACKAGES=”” 

Conclusion: 
CVE-2025-46762 presents a significant RCE threat within big data ecosystems that use Apache Parquet Java with the parquet-avro module. Systems relying on unsafe deserialization patterns are especially at risk. Prompt patching or configuration hardening is strongly recommended to safeguard against exploitation. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Tesla Model 3 VCSEC Vulnerability Allows Remote Code Execution via TPMS Exploit 

Summary of Security Advisory

A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-2082) in Tesla Model 3’s Vehicle Controller Security (VCSEC) module allows attackers within wireless range to remotely execute arbitrary code by exploiting a flaw in the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

OEM Tesla 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 7.5 
CVEs CVE-2025-2082 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

This provides potentiality in giving access to critical vehicle controls; Tesla has addressed the issue in firmware version 2024.14. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
​Remote Code Execution vulnerability  CVE-2025-2082 Tesla Model 3   High  7.5 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability lies in the VCSEC module, responsible for security functions like immobilization, door locking, and TPMS monitoring.

An integer overflow occurs when the VCSEC processes malformed certificate responses transmitted via the TPMS subsystem. Exploiting this flaw enables memory corruption, leading to remote code execution.

The attack does not require user interaction or authentication and can be carried out over adjacent wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or Ultra-Wideband (UWB).

Once compromised, attackers may issue unauthorized commands to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which governs safety-critical systems including braking, steering, and acceleration. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-2082   Tesla Model 3 (pre-2024.14) Integer overflow in VCSEC module’s certificate handling logic triggered by malformed TPMS messages.  Remote code execution, unauthorized CAN bus access, potential control over critical systems 

Remediation: 

  • Update Tesla Firmware: Owners should update firmware version 2024.14 via the vehicle’s touchscreen or over-the-air (OTA) updates. 
  • Avoid Wireless Threats: Refrain from connecting to unknown BLE/UWB networks and using unauthorized TPMS accessories. 

Conclusion: 
This vulnerability demonstrates how auxiliary vehicle systems like TPMS can serve as entry points for serious security breaches. While Tesla’s prompt patch release, reflects good incident response, this case underscores the urgency for ongoing scrutiny of wireless automotive components. Owners must apply the firmware update and maintain secure update practices to reduce the risk of exploitation. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Windows Update Stack Privilege Escalation Vulnerability (CVE-2025-21204) – PoC Released  

The flaw, disclosed by researchers at Cyberdom Blog, poses a significant risk to millions of Windows users and organizations relying on windows.

OEM Windows 
Severity HIGH 
CVSS Score 7.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-21204 
POC Available Yes 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

A high-severity vulnerability in the Windows Update Stack, CVE-2025-21204, enables local attackers to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level by exploiting trusted path abuse through symbolic links. The flaw affects various versions of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server.

A working proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit has been publicly released by security researcher Elli Shlomo, increasing the urgency to patch. The issue is addressed in the April 2025 cumulative update KB5055523. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
​Windows Update Stack Privilege Escalation  CVE-2025-21204 Windows  HIGH  7.8 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability lies in how Windows Update processes such as MoUsoCoreWorker.exe and UsoClient.exe, which run with SYSTEM privileges, handle directory junctions. Attackers can delete the legitimate Tasks directory under C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\UpdateStack and replace it with a symbolic link pointing to an attacker-controlled path. This allows the execution of arbitrary code as SYSTEM without triggering traditional security mechanisms.

A public PoC developed by Elli Shlomo demonstrates this exploit using only native Windows features—no external binaries or code injection required. 

This opens the door for a range of attacks, including installing persistent malware, disabling security tools, or accessing sensitive data.

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Exploit Prerequisites Impact 
  CVE-2025-21204  Windows 10 (10.0.10240.0 < 10.0.10240.20978, etc.), Windows 11, Server Misuse of NTFS junctions allows local attackers to redirect C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\UpdateStack\Tasks to attacker-controlled locations. SYSTEM-level update processes follow these junctions and execute unauthorized code. Attackers must have local access and limited user privileges; no user interaction required   Local privilege escalation, Code execution 

Source: Cyberdom 

Recommendations: 

  • Apply the April 2025 cumulative update (KB5055523) immediately. 
  • Restrict ACLs on C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\UpdateStack. 
  • Use AppLocker or WDAC to block symbolic link creation in sensitive directories. 
  • Monitor file operations involving UpdateStack and inetpub, regardless of IIS presence. 
  • Detect attempts to create NTFS junctions targeting update directories. 

Conclusion: 
CVE-2025-21204 is an example of a rather low-level and impactful threat doing trusted path abuse rather than complex memory corruption. This vulnerability demonstrates how attackers will exploit trust assumptions built into the operating system via native components.

The only defenses available are to immediately patch and harden directory access controls to stop this low-level and minimally visible localized privilege escalation. 

References: 


 

Security Advisory

Critical Session Management Vulnerability in Apache Roller 

Summary Security Advisory

Apache Roller, a widely used Java-based blogging platform, enabling users to create, manage, and publish blog content. It supports features like user authentication, content management, and customizable themes.

OEM Apache 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 10.0 
CVEs CVE-2025-24859 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

A critical security vulnerability (CVE-2025-24859) has been discovered in Apache Roller (versions 1.0.0 to 6.1.4), where old sessions are not invalidated after a password change, allowing attackers to maintain unauthorized access if they have stolen a session token. This flaw poses a significant risk of session hijacking and unauthorized access, and users are advised to upgrade to version 6.1.5 to mitigate the issue. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
Insufficient Session Expiration on Password Change CVE-2025-24859 Apache Roller Critical 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability centers on insufficient session expiration.

When a user or administrator changes a password, Apache Roller versions before 6.1.5 do not properly invalidate existing sessions.

As a result, any session tokens  before the password change remain valid.

This means that if an attacker has already compromised a user’s credentials and established a session, they can continue to access the application even after the password is updated, effectively bypassing a key security control.

This can be a big security threat, particularly in systems used by many users or administrators, where it’s important to keep sessions secure. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
 CVE-2025-24859  Apache Roller 1.0.0 – 6.1.4 Sessions are not invalidated after password change, allowing persistent access through old sessions if compromised.  Unauthorized Access /  Session Hijacking 

Remediation: 

  • Apply Patches Promptly: Upgrade immediately to Apache Roller version 6.1.5, which implements proper centralized session invalidation. 

Conclusion: 

CVE-2025-24859 represents a critical access control threat to Apache Roller implementations.

Although no active exploitation has been observed still now, it’s easy for attackers to misuse sessions if they gain access. Its important for organizations using Apache Roller to quickly update to version 6.1.5 to fix this problem. 

This is a critical step in maintaining the security of blog sites and protecting user data.

CVE-2025-24859 highlights the importance of robust session management in web applications.

References: 

Security Advisory

Dell Releases Patches for Multiple PowerScale OneFS Security Vulnerabilities 

Summary 

Dell Technologies Security Advisory

OEM Dell 
Severity Critical 
CVSS 9.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-27690, CVE-2025- 26330, CVE-2025-22471 
Exploited in Wild No 
Patch/Remediation Available Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

​Dell Technologies has released security updates addressing multiple vulnerabilities of varying severity in its PowerScale OneFS operating system.

These vulnerabilities could be exploited by attackers to gain control of high-privilege accounts, bypass security mechanisms, or disrupt system functionality. Dell has issued patches for several of these issues, a summary of some key vulnerabilities is provided in the table below. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity 
Default Password Vulnerability CVE-2025-27690 PowerScale OneFS   Critical 
Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability CVE-2025-26330 PowerScale OneFS   High 
Integer Overflow or Wraparound Vulnerability CVE-2025-22471 PowerScale OneFS  Medium 

Technical Summary 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact Affected Version 
CVE-2025-27690 PowerScale OneFS Dell PowerScale OneFS multiple versions contain a default password vulnerability where an unauthenticated remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the privilege escalation. Gain Privileges or Assume Identity  Versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.1.0 
CVE-2025-26330 PowerScale OneFS Dell PowerScale OneFS multiple versions contain an incorrect authorization vulnerability where unauthenticated local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to access the cluster with previous privileges of a disabled user account. Unauthorized Access Versions 9.4.0.0 through 9.10.0.1 
CVE-2025-22471 PowerScale OneFS Dell PowerScale OneFS multiple versions contain an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability where an unauthenticated remote attacker exploits this which leads to denial of service. Service unavailable Versions 9.4.0.0 through 9.10.0.1 

Remediation: 

It has been recommended to upgrade to the following versions to address the security risks 

OneFS Version Updated Version 
9.10.x.x 9.10.1.1 
9.9.x.x 9.9.0.2 
9.8.x.x 9.8.0.3 
9.7.x.x 9.7.1.7 
9.5.x.x 9.5.1.3 

Workaround for CVE-2025-27690 

It’s always recommended to update to the latest version. If you’re unable to upgrade immediately, you can follow the workarounds provided by the vendor from here. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Critical Flaw in FortiSwitch of Fortinet Allows Attackers to Change Admin Password

An unverified password change vulnerability [CWE-620] in FortiSwitch GUI discovered.

This may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to modify admin passwords via a specially crafted request as per Fortinet advisory released.

Summary

OEMFortinet 
SeverityCRITICAL
CVSS Score9.8
CVEsCVE-2024-48887
Actively ExploitedYes
Exploited in WildYes
Advisory Version1.0

Overview

Fortinet’s FortiSwitch product line has revealed a significant vulnerability noted as CVE-2024-48887. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to change administrative passwords by sending specially crafted requests to the device’s password management endpoint. With a CVSS score of 9.8, the vulnerability is classified as Critical and is actively being exploited in the wild.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityCVSS Score
A unverified password change vulnerability  CVE-2024-48887Fortinet   CRITICAL  9.8

Technical Summary

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2024-48887) has been identified in Fortinet FortiSwitch devices, affecting versions 6.4.0 through 7.6.0. This flaw resides in the web-based management interface and allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to change administrator passwords by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the set_password endpoint.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability DetailsImpact
    CVE-2024-48887  FortiSwitch v7.6, 7.4, 7.2, 7.0, 6.4CVE-2024-48887 is an unauthenticated password change vulnerability in FortiSwitch web GUI.
It enables remote unauthenticated attackers to modify admin passwords through crafted requests to the set_password endpoint.		    Unverified Password Change

Remediation:

  • Apply Security Patches: Install the latest security update for your FortiSwitch version. Fortinet has fixed the issue in 6.4.15 and above,7.0.11 and above,7.2.9 and above,7.4.5 and above,7.6.1 and above versions.

General Recommendations

  • Update Devices Regularly always install the latest firmware and security patches from Fortinet to fix known vulnerabilities.
  • Limit access to the FortiSwitch web GUI to trusted IP addresses and disable HTTP/HTTPS access if it is not required.
  • Set strong and unique passwords and change them regularly to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Monitor unusual Activity for suspicious logins or configuration changes.

Conclusion:


The CVE-2024-48887 vulnerability poses a serious security risk to organizations using affected FortiSwitch devices. Its ease of exploitation and the lack of authentication required make it particularly dangerous.

Organizations must act immediately by applying the relevant security patches, limiting administrative access, and monitoring for unusual activity.

References:

Security Advisory

WordPress Ultimate CSV Importer Flaws Put 20,000+ Sites at Risk

Threat researchers discovered an arbitrary File Upload vulnerability and an Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability within the WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin. This is affecting versions 7.19 and earlier.

The vulnerabilities have been addressed in version 7.19.1 of the plugin.

Summary 

OEM WordPress 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-2008, CVE- 2025-2007 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

The security flaw WordPress plugin, Ultimate CSV Importer, affecting over 20,000 websites. The vulnerabilities, identified as CVE-2025-2008 and CVE-2025-2007, can lead to catastrophic consequences, including complete site compromise. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
Arbitrary File Upload  CVE-2025-2008 WordPress  High  8.8 
Arbitrary File Deletion  CVE-2025-2007 WordPress  High  8.1 

Technical Summary 

A critical security vulnerability has been discovered in the WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin (versions ≤ v7.19). This flaw allows attackers with only Subscriber level access to exploit the system in two dangerous ways: 

  1. Malicious File Upload: Attackers can upload malicious files, potentially enabling remote code execution and granting full control over the affected site. This allows for complete site compromise, including the ability to install backdoors or steal sensitive information. 
  1. Critical File Deletion: Attackers can delete crucial files, such as wp-config.php, which can reset the WordPress site and give attackers the ability to take full control over the site. 
CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-2008  WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin (versions ≤ 7.19) A critical flaw in the WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin (≤ v7.19) allows attackers with Subscriber access to upload malicious files due to improper file type validation.
This can lead to remote code execution (RCE) and full site takeover. 		  Remote code execution (RCE) 
 CVE-2025-2007 WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin (versions ≤ 7.19) A serious flaw in the WP Ultimate CSV Importer plugin (≤ v7.19) allows attackers with Subscriber access to delete critical files, like wp-config.php, due to weak file path validation.
This can reset the site, letting attackers take control. 		 Arbitrary file deletion leading to site reset 

Remediation: 

Install version 7.19.1 or later to fix the security flaws. Keeping all plugins and WordPress updated helps prevent attacks. 

General Recommendations 

  • Update the Plugin – Install the latest version (7.19.1+) to fix security issues and keep your site safe. 
  • Limit User Access – Allow only trusted users to upload or delete files to prevent hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities. 
  • Use Security Plugins – Install tools to block threats, monitor activity, and protect your site. 
  • Backup Your Website – Regularly save backups so you can restore your site if it gets hacked or files are deleted. 

Conclusion: 

A major security issue in a popular WordPress plugin put over 20,000 websites at risk of being taken over by hackers.

Attackers could upload harmful files or delete important ones, making websites vulnerable. This incident shows why keeping plugins updated, limiting user access, and using security tools is crucial. Updating to version 7.19.1 is necessary to stay protected. 

References: 

Security Advisory

3 Zero-Day Vulnerabilities backported & fixed in Apple Devices

Summary 

3 Zero-Day Vulnerabilities backported & fixed in Apple Devices

Apple backported fixes for three vulnerabilities that have come under active exploitation in the wild to older models and previous versions of the operating systems.

OEM Apple 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-24201, CVE-2025-24085, and CVE-2025-24200. 
No. of Vulnerabilities Patched 03 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Apple has released an urgent security advisory concerning three zero-day vulnerabilities currently being actively exploited: CVE-2025-24200, CVE-2025-24201, and CVE-2025-24085. These vulnerabilities affect a range of Apple devices, such as iPhones, iPads, Macs, and other platforms. Users are strongly urged to update to the latest patched versions to reduce security risks. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
WebKit Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability  CVE-2025-24201 iOS, macOS, visionOS, Safari  High  8.8 
Use-After-Free Vulnerability  CVE-2025-24085 iOS, iPasOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS  High  7.8 
Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability  CVE-2025-24200  iOS, iPadOS  Medium  6.1 

Technical Summary 

Apple’s latest security update patches three Zero-Day vulnerabilities that hackers were actively exploiting. These vulnerabilities could allow attackers to bypass security protections, making devices more vulnerable. One of the vulnerabilities enables remote code execution, letting attackers run malicious programs. Another flaw allows privilege escalation, giving attackers higher-level access to system functions. 

CVE ID System Affected Vulnerability Details Impact 
  CVE-2025-24201  iOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 18.3.2, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, Safari 18.3  Out-of-bounds write issue allowing malicious websites to escape the Web Content sandbox   Remote Code Execution 
 CVE-2025-24085 iOS 18.3, iPadOS 18.3, macOS Sequoia 15.3, watchOS 11.3, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3 Use-after-free vulnerability in CoreMedia allowing privilege escalation via malicious apps.  Privilege escalation via CoreMedia 
 CVE-2025-24200  iOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 18.3.1, iPadOS 17.7.5 (iPhone XS and later, iPad Pro 13-inch, iPad Pro 12.9-inch, etc.) Authorization bypass vulnerability allowing attackers to disable USB Restricted Mode on locked devices.  Security Bypass USB Restricted Mode 

Remediation: 

Apply Patches Promptly: Apple has released security updates to address these vulnerabilities. Users should update their devices immediately to mitigate risks 

  • iPhones and iPads: Update to iOS 18.3/iPadOS 18.3 or later. 
  • Macs: Install macOS Sequoia 15.3 or later. 
  • Apple Watch: Upgrade to watchOS 11.3. 
  • Apple TV: Apply tvOS 18.3 updates. 
  • Vision Pro: Install visionOS 2.3 updates. 

General Recommendations: 

  • Prioritize Zero-Day Fixes: Focus on patching actively exploited vulnerabilities, especially those affecting USB Restricted Mode, WebKit, and CoreMedia.  
  • Enable Lockdown Mode: On supported devices, Lockdown Mode can provide additional security against targeted attacks.  
  • Be Cautious with USB Devices: Avoid connecting untrusted accessories to Apple devices to mitigate USB-based attack vectors. 
  • Stay Alert for Malicious Websites: Since WebKit vulnerabilities are actively exploited, avoid suspicious links and untrusted web content. 
  • Monitor for Exploitation: Continuously monitor systems for any signs of exploitation or suspicious activity. 

Conclusion: 

The discovery and active exploitation of these zero-day vulnerabilities underscore the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks targeting Apple’s ecosystem.

While Apple has responded swiftly with patches, users must remain vigilant by keeping their devices updated and adhering to cybersecurity best practices, such as avoiding untrusted applications and enabling Lockdown Mode where applicable. 

Apple fixed all the vulnerability with improved state management.

References: 


 

Security Advisory

Windows Zero-Day Exploit NTLM Hash Disclosure via Malicious Files

Summary

OEMMicrosoft
SeverityHigh
CVEsNot Yet Assigned
Exploited in WildNo
Patch/Remediation AvailableNo
Advisory Version1.0
Vulnerability Zero-Day

Overview

A newly discovered NTLM vulnerability in Windows, allows attackers to obtain login credentials when a user view a malicious file in Windows Explorer. This issue affects all Windows versions, from Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 to the most recent Windows 11 v24H2 and Server 2025.

Attackers can exploit this flaw by using shared network folders, USB drives, or previously downloaded malicious files, making credential theft easy and difficult to detect.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityFix
             NTLM Hash Disclosure Vulnerability      Not Yet Assigned    Windows OS and Windows Server         High  Unofficial micropatch available via 0patch

Technical Summary

This vulnerability enables attackers to steal NTLM authentication credentials simply by having users view a malicious file in Windows Explorer. Unlike previous NTLM relay attack techniques that required users to execute files, this exploit works just by rendering the malicious file’s metadata in the Windows Explorer preview pane. Attackers can leverage this method in various ways:

  • Hosting a shared network folder containing the malicious file.
  • Distributing infected USB drives that trigger the attack when inserted.
  • Tricking users into downloading the malicious file from a compromised or attacker-controlled website.

Once the credentials are captured, attackers can use NTLM relay attacks to gain unauthorized access to internal systems, escalate privileges, and move laterally across the network.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability Technical DetailsImpact
  Not Assigned Yet  Windows 7 – Windows 11 v24H2, Server 2008 R2 – Server 2025Attackers can capture NTLM credentials when users view malicious files in Windows Explorer. Exploitation methods include shared folders, USB drives, or downloads.Credential theft, network compromise, and potential lateral movement.  

Recommendations

  • Microsoft Patch Awaited: The vulnerability has been reported to Microsoft, and an official security update is expected in the near future.
  • Unofficial Micropatch Available: Security researchers at 0patch have released an unofficial micropatch that mitigates this issue. The micropatch is available for all affected Windows versions and will remain free until an official fix is provided by Microsoft.

Steps to Apply 0patch Micropatch:

  1. Create a free account on 0patch Central.
  2. Install and register the 0patch Agent on affected systems.
  3. The micropatch is applied automatically without requiring a system reboot.

Security Best Practices

  • Disable NTLM authentication where possible.
  • Implement SMB signing to prevent relay attacks.
  • Restrict access to public-facing servers like Exchange to limit credential relaying risks.
  • Educate users to avoid interacting with unknown or suspicious files in shared folders and USB drives.

Conclusion

Although not classified as critical, this NTLM credential theft vulnerability is extremely harmful due to its ease of exploitation. Attackers can exploit NTLM hashes in relay attacks to compromise internal network resources.

Security researchers confirm that comparable flaws have been actively exploited in real-world assaults. Until an official Microsoft patch is available, organizations should prioritize applying the 0patch micropatch and following NTLM security best practices to reduce potential risks.

References:

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