Firmware

Tesla Model 3 VCSEC Vulnerability Allows Remote Code Execution via TPMS Exploit

Summary of Security Advisory

A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2025-2082) in Tesla Model 3’s Vehicle Controller Security (VCSEC) module allows attackers within wireless range to remotely execute arbitrary code by exploiting a flaw in the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

OEM	Tesla
Severity	High
CVSS Score	7.5
CVEs	CVE-2025-2082
Actively Exploited	No
Exploited in Wild	No
Advisory Version	1.0

Overview

This provides potentiality in giving access to critical vehicle controls; Tesla has addressed the issue in firmware version 2024.14.

Vulnerability Name	CVE ID	Product Affected	Severity	CVSS Score
Remote Code Execution vulnerability	CVE-2025-2082	Tesla Model 3	High	7.5

Technical Summary

The vulnerability lies in the VCSEC module, responsible for security functions like immobilization, door locking, and TPMS monitoring.

An integer overflow occurs when the VCSEC processes malformed certificate responses transmitted via the TPMS subsystem. Exploiting this flaw enables memory corruption, leading to remote code execution.

The attack does not require user interaction or authentication and can be carried out over adjacent wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or Ultra-Wideband (UWB).

Once compromised, attackers may issue unauthorized commands to the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which governs safety-critical systems including braking, steering, and acceleration.

CVE ID	System Affected	Vulnerability Details	Impact
CVE-2025-2082	Tesla Model 3 (pre-2024.14)	Integer overflow in VCSEC module’s certificate handling logic triggered by malformed TPMS messages.	Remote code execution, unauthorized CAN bus access, potential control over critical systems

Remediation:

Update Tesla Firmware: Owners should update firmware version 2024.14 via the vehicle’s touchscreen or over-the-air (OTA) updates.

Avoid Wireless Threats: Refrain from connecting to unknown BLE/UWB networks and using unauthorized TPMS accessories.

Conclusion:
This vulnerability demonstrates how auxiliary vehicle systems like TPMS can serve as entry points for serious security breaches. While Tesla’s prompt patch release, reflects good incident response, this case underscores the urgency for ongoing scrutiny of wireless automotive components. Owners must apply the firmware update and maintain secure update practices to reduce the risk of exploitation.

References:

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2082

https://cybersecuritynews.com/tesla-model-3-vcsec-vulnerability/

Microsoft Updates Patch Tuesday for Feb 2025; Address 67 Vulnerabilities, Includes 2 Exploited Zero-Days

Summary

Microsoft’s February 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses multiple security vulnerabilities, including four zero-days, with two actively exploited in the wild. This update covers a total of 67 security flaws, with three classified as critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities.

Microsoft issued a revision for an older zero-day that threatens the latest Windows desktop and server versions.

OEM	Microsoft
Severity	Critical
Date of Announcement	2025-02-11
No. of Vulnerabilities Patched	67
Actively Exploited	Yes
Exploited in Wild	Yes
Advisory Version	1.0

Overview

The affected products include Windows, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Surface, and various network services. Organizations are strongly advised to apply these patches immediately to mitigate security risks and potential cyberattacks.

63 Microsoft CVEs addressed

4 non-Microsoft CVEs included

The highlighted vulnerabilities include 4 zero-day flaws, 2 of which are currently being actively exploited.

Vulnerability Name	CVE ID	Product Affected	Severity	CVSS Score
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability	CVE-2025-21418	Windows	High	7.8
Windows Storage Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability	CVE-2025-21391	Windows	High	7.1
Microsoft Surface Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability	CVE-2025-21194	Windows	High	7.1
NTLM Hash Disclosure Spoofing Vulnerability	CVE-2025-21377	Windows	Medium	6.5

Technical Summary

CVE ID	System Affected	Vulnerability Details	Impact
CVE-2025-21418	Windows server and Windows 10 & 11	Windows ancillary function driver for winsock elevation of privilege vulnerability enables attackers to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level. Specific exploitation details are not disclosed.	Unauthorized access with SYSTEM privileges.
CVE-2025-21391	Windows server and Windows 10 & 11	Windows storage elevation of privilege vulnerability allows attackers to delete targeted files on a system, potentially leading to service unavailability. Does not expose confidential data.	Deletion of critical data, leading to service disruption.
CVE-2025-21194	Microsoft Surface	Microsoft surface security feature bypass vulnerability allows attackers to bypass UEFI protections, compromising the secure kernel. Likely related to “PixieFail” vulnerabilities affecting the IPv6 network stack in Tianocore’s EDK II firmware.	Bypass of security features, potentially compromising system integrity.
CVE-2025-21377	Windows server and Windows 10 & 11	NTLM hash disclosure spoofing vulnerability exposes NTLM hashes when a user interacts with a malicious file. Simply selecting or right-clicking a file could trigger a remote connection, allowing an attacker to capture NTLM hashes for cracking or pass-the-hash attacks.	Potential for attackers to authenticate as the user, leading to unauthorized access.

Source: Microsoft

In addition to the actively exploited vulnerabilities, several other critical flaws were also addressed:

CVE-2025-21376: A Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) RCE vulnerability that could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely.

CVE-2025-21379: A DHCP Client Service RCE vulnerability that may enable remote attackers to execute code with elevated privileges.

CVE-2025-21381: An RCE vulnerability in Microsoft Excel that could be triggered through malicious spreadsheet files.

Remediation:

Apply Updates: Immediately install the February 2025 Patch Tuesday updates to address these vulnerabilities.

Conclusion:

The February 2025 Patch Tuesday release addresses critical security vulnerabilities, including actively exploited zero-days. Timely application of these updates is essential to protect systems from potential threats. Organizations should review the affected products and implement the necessary patches and mitigations to maintain security integrity.

The attack vector is local, meaning the attacker needs local access — physically or remotely, using SSH method without user interaction and if successful in exploiting, can give the attacker system privileges.

References: